专业四级语法词汇——集体名词

　　集体名词作主语主谓一致
　　1)通常作复数的集体名词
　　集体名词，如：police，people，cattle，militia，poultry等，
　　通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
　　Domestic cattle provide us with milk，beef and hides.
　　2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
　　有些集体名词，如foliage，machinery，equipment，furniture，merchandise，通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
　　3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
　　集体名词，如audience，committee，class，crew，family，public，government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
　　The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
　　4)a committee，etc. of +复数名词
　　如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
　　A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
　　近义词辨析
　　tired，exhausted，fatigued，weary，wornout
　　这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
　　tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
　　Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
　　exhausted
　　表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
　　The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
　　fatigued
　　所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
　　He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
　　weary
　　语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
　　After a long and weary wait，the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
　　wornout
　　这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
　　The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后，部队疲惫不堪。
　　全真模拟试题
　　1. Although ______ Spanish，he attended the course.
　　A. he was knowing
　　B. he is knowing
　　C. having a knowledge of
　　D. knows
　　2. You ______that letter to James. However，you didn’t.
　　A. ought to write
　　B. ought to have written
　　C. should write
　　D. should be writing
　　3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
　　A. to escape
　　B. to have escaped
　　C. to escaping
　　D. to be escaping
　　4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners.
　　A. is
　　B. are
　　C. were
　　D. be
　　5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn，______very pleasant to sit on in summer.
　　A. which is
　　B. which it is
　　C. it is
　　D.where it is
　　6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.
　　A. in
　　B.of
　　C.on
　　D. by
　　7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night.
　　A. must study
　　B. should have studied
　　C. must have studied
　　D. is sure to study
　　8. Frank almost never received any education，______?
　　A. would he
　　B. did he
　　C. didn’t he
　　D. wouldn’t he
　　9.Even if his letter ______ tomorrow，it ______too late to do anything.
　　A.will arrive...is
　　B.should arrive...were
　　C.arrives...will be
　　D.arrives...would be
　　10. We can hear______from the back of the room.
　　A. just as good
　　B.just as easy
　　C.just as well
　　D.easily as well
　　11. To obtain a satisfactory result，one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface.
　　A.coats
　　B. levels
　　C.times
　　D. courses
　　12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month.
　　A. cut back
　　B.cut out
　　C.cut off
　　D. cut away
　　13.Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.
　　A. fined
　　B.charged
　　C.punished
　　D.posed
　　14.Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
　　A. technique
　　B.technology
　　C. tactics
　　D.tendency
　　15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go tosleep.
　　A. sounding
　　B. ringing
　　C. ticking
　　D. humming
　　16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
　　A. intensive
　　B.weighty
　　C.intense
　　D.bulky

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