宏观上处理好篇章与空格之间的关系完形填空的测试目的是测试学生运用语言的综合能力。完形填空的考试重点是上下文的联系和短语结构的搭配关系。由于考试时间紧，许多考生在回答这部分题的时候，往往不顾整个篇章的结构、大意或文体，一开始就把注意力放在空格选项上，孤立地研究单个选项，这就脱离了文章整体，答题的准确率也会大受影响。　因此，要做好这部分试题考生首先必须大体理解篇章的主要内容、逻辑关系，从而判断出作者的意图及归纳或演绎的思路；另外，考生在答题之前，还要对文章的文体有所了解，这有利于考生根据不同的文体对不同的或相近的选项做出正确的选择。如文学材料、科普文章、新闻报道等由于文体上的不同，它们在用词和句子结构上都有所不同。请看下面例子：

　　Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if  ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.

　　1. A. either  B. so      C. nor      D. never

　　2.  A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming

　　3.  A. any  B. some C. anything D. something

　　4. A. serious  B. apparent  C. severe  D. fatal

　　通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重 (serious)、致命(fatal)，故应排除选项A和D。severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。因此，选B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。

　　下面，我们就来进入模拟练习吧！

　　Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.

　　The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___  and well maintained, with___3___  sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___  one. Large highways often pass ___5___  scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___  large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___  traffic during rush hours, ___8___  the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route.　 However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___  you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___  new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___  heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___  of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___  in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___  the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.

　　1. A. Although    B. Since  C. Because    D. Therefore

　　2. A. stable  B. splendid    C. smooth  D. complicated

　　3. A. little  B. few  C. much  D. many

　　4. A. terrible B. possible    C. enjoyable D. profitable

　　5. A. to  B. into  C. over  D. by

　　6. A. lead  B. connect C. collect  D. communicate

　　7. A. large  B. fast  C. high  D. heavy

　　8. A. when  B. for  C. but  D. that

　　9. A. unless  B. if  C. as  D. since

　　10. A. relatively    B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably

　　11. A. and  B. less  C. more  D. or

　　12. A. All  B. Several C. Lots  D. Some

　　13. A. rocks  B. cliffs    C. roads D. paths

　　14. A. lying  B. laying  C. laid  D. lied

　　15. A. there B. when  C. which D. where

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