人体向环境中发散细菌形成微生物云

人体向环境中发散细菌形成微生物云

We each give off millions of bacteria from our human microbiome to the air around us every day, and that cloud of bacteria can be traced back to an individual. New research focused on the personal microbial cloud -- the airborne microbes we emit into the air -- examined the microbial connection we have with the air around us. The findings demonstrate the extent to which humans possess a unique 'microbial cloud signature'. To test the individualized nature of the personal microbial cloud, University of Oregon researchers sequenced microbes from the air surrounding 11 different people in a sanitized experimental chamber1. The study found that most of the occupants sitting alone in the chamber could be identified within 4 hours just by the unique combinations of bacteria in the surrounding air. The findings appear in the September 22 issue of the open-access, peer-reviewed journal PeerJ.

The striking results were driven by several groups of bacteria that are ubiquitous on and in humans, such as Streptococcus, which is commonly found in the mouth, and Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium, both common skin residents. While these common human-associated microbes were detected in the air around all people in the study, the authors found that the different combinations of those bacteria were the key to distinguishing among individual people.

The analyses, utilizing2 analysis of suspended particulate3 matter and short-read 16S sequencing, focused on categorizing whole microbial communities rather than identifying pathogens. The findings emerged from two different studies and more than 14 million sequences representing thousands of different types of bacteria found in the 312 samples from air and dust from the experimental chamber.

"We expected that we would be able to detect the human microbiome in the air around a person, but we were surprised to find that we could identify most of the occupants just by sampling their microbial cloud," said lead author James F. Meadow, a postdoctoral researcher formerly4 from the Biology and the Built Environment Center at the University of Oregon.

"Our results confirm that an occupied space is microbially distinct from an unoccupied one, and and demonstrate for the first time that individuals release their own personalized microbial cloud," the authors concluded.

The research sheds light on the extent to which we release our human microbiome to our surrounding environment, and might help understand the mechanisms5 involved in the spread of infectious diseases in buildings. The results also suggest potential forensic6 applications, for example to identify or determine where a person has been, though it is unclear whether individual occupants can be detected in a crowd of other people.

1 chamber

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。

The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

2 utilizing

v.利用，使用( utilize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

Utilizing an assembler to produce a machine-language program. 用汇编程序产生机器语言的过程。 来自辞典例句

The study and use of devices utilizing properties of materials near absolute zero in temperature. 对材料在接近绝对零度时的特性进行研究和利用的学科。 来自辞典例句

3 particulate

adj.微小的；n.微粒，粒子

参考例句：

A special group was organized to dig up the particulate of the case.成立了一个专门小组来查明该案件的各个细节。

Lungs retain relatively insoluble particulate material.肺脏内留有不溶解的颗粒物质。

4 formerly

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。

This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

5 mechanisms

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》

He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 forensic

adj.法庭的，雄辩的

参考例句：

The report included his interpretation of the forensic evidence.该报告包括他对法庭证据的诠释。

The judge concluded the proceeding on 10:30 Am after one hour of forensic debate.经过近一个小时的法庭辩论后，法官于10时30分宣布休庭。