雅思考试阅读材料推荐：“二手酒”的危害

2024-04-05 09:04:00 来源：中国教育在线

雅思考试阅读材料推荐：“二手酒”的危害，要考好雅思的阅读部分，肯定需要多加练习。今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

阅读材料1：雅思考试阅读材料推荐：“二手酒”的危害

关于“二手烟”的危害，很多人都已经很清楚了。那么，你听说过“二手酒”吗?其实“二手酒”的危害也是不容忽视的喔。

Secondhand drinking(SHD)is a term used to describe the ripple effects of a person’s alcohol misuse on families,co-workers,fellow students and society at large.

“二手酒”(secondhand drinking)指某人过度饮酒之后对家人、同事、同学以及整个社会带来的一系列影响。

For example,friends and family members are the ones who have to try keep that person safe,watch after them if they pass out,clean up after them if they puke in their car,get over their feelings of being hurt by the mean things they’d said the night before while drunk,live with the constant fighting about the drinking behaviors.

比如，朋友和家人得想办法保证饮酒人的安全;喝醉睡过去以后得在身边看护他们;如果不幸他们在车上吐了，还得帮忙清理;要是喝醉的人头天晚上说了什么伤人的话，也得自己慢慢消化;同时要不断跟对方的饮酒行为作斗争。

Something most of us do not fully understand is the physical and emotional consequence to the health of a family member or friend caused by repeatedly dealing with secondhand drinking(SHD).It is one thing if this is an occasional happenstance(although even that can be catastrophic–being the victim of a drunk driver,for example),but when it is ongoing–as is the case for family members or friends who live with or love an alcohol abuser or alcoholic–the emotional and physical health consequences can be significant.

我们很多人对于反复应对“二手酒”对家人和朋友产生的生理和心理影响并不是很了解。偶尔饮酒过度可能影响不至于很恶劣(当然，酒后驾车的影响可能是致命的)，但是，如果你的家人或爱人恰巧是个嗜酒如命的人，那么由此产生的生理和心理问题就可能会很严重。

阅读材料2：

Biologists in Japan have cloned 581 mice from one original donor mouse,Livescience reported.The scientists made the mice over 25 generations of cloning;that is,from making clones from clones from clones,25 times over。

根据Livescience的报道，日本生物学家用一只小鼠的基因供体克隆出581只小鼠。这些科学家们克隆了25代小鼠，即：用克隆鼠克隆新的小鼠，一共克隆了25次。

They could probably make animal clones indefinitely,the research team wrote in a paper published last week in the journal Cell Stem Cell。

研究团队在上周发表在《干细胞》期刊中的论文称，他们很有可能会让动物无休无止地克隆下去。

Really.Check out the last sentence of their abstract:"Our results show that repeatediterative recloning is possible and suggest that,with adequately efficient techniques,it may be possible to reclone animals indefinitely."

是这样吗?我们来看看论文摘要的一句话：“我们的研究结果证明多代克隆是可能实现的。如果技术到位，那么克隆出无穷多代的动物都是可能的。”

The 581 cloned mice were made using an improved version of somatic cell nuclear transfer,the technique that created Dolly the cloned sheep in 1996.这581只小鼠是用改进后的体细胞克隆技术克隆得到的，这一技术最早是在1996年克隆多莉时发明的。

Previously,researchers using somatic nuclear cell transfer would get fewer and fewer animals every time they tried to make a clone from a clone.Eventually,they wouldn't get any new clones at all.Cloned mammals also often died sooner than their non-clonedcounterparts。

在此之前，运用体细胞克隆技术反复克隆动物时，被克隆的动物数量会越来越少，直到最终无法克隆出新动物为止。被克隆出的哺乳动物也会比非克隆的同类动物死得更早。

The cloning team protected the mice's DNA from the genetic abnormalities they(the humans)think reduced the efficiency of previous cloning efforts.The researchers didn't lose any cloning efficiency over their 25 generations,they reported,and their cloned mice lived normal lifespans of about two years。

这支研究团队保护了小鼠的基因，使其不发生基因异常。他们认为，基因异常正是降低克隆形成率的罪魁祸首。研究者称，这25代小鼠的克隆过程中克隆形成率并没有降低，小鼠的寿命也很正常，约能生存两年时间。

Cloning could help reproduce animals for farming or conservation,Sayaka Wakayama,a biologist at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology who led the cloning study,said in a statement。

日本理化研究所的生物学家若山清香是这次研究的负责人，他在一个声明中提到，克隆技术可以繁殖动物，为农业和动物保护服务。

This isn't the first time Wakayama has made some big strides in cloning.He previously cloned mice from bodies of mice that had been frozen for 16 years。

这已经不是若山清香在克隆技术上的个重大成就了。此前他曾经以一只冰冻了16年的小鼠为供体克隆出了一只小鼠。

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