Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案

Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案， 今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力原文：

M:We all change over the course of our adulthood.Some changes we go through are biological and are a natural part of aging.Some are cultural experiences,such as the changes related to our family life.A lot of the changes in adulthood involve social relationships and responsibilities.And then,there are some changes that are more internal and personal.Question?

W:Yes.Um,is what you’re talking about—1 mean these changes we experience—are they part of our biological clock?

M:I’m glad you brought up the biological clock.The term“biological clock”refers to the biological and chemical changes that occur with aging,as if a clock were ticking away in the background.Some changes in adults are biological.These changes are often easy to observe,like my hair turning gray.Some biological changes aren’t directly visible,such as the...uh...the reduced efficiency of the neural connections in our brain.But some of the changes we go through have more to do with sociology than biology.There’s also a“social clock”that defines the sequence of normal life experiences,such as...uh...the timing of education,career,marriage,and so on.Virtually all societies are organized into age strata,periods in life with norms for—that is,typical...uh...expectations,demands,social roles and responsibilities.People have different expectations of—and different attitudes toward—20-year-olds,40-year-olds,and 70-year-olds.We generally expect a 20-year-old to act in a certain way,but we expect different behavior from someone who’s 40 or 70.Our attitudes towards each age group form what we consider to be the age norms for that group.

W:Excuse me,Dr.Butler.Wouldn’t these age norms be different in different cultures?I mean,in some cultures someone who’s 40 is considered old,but in other cultures 40 is still kind of young.

M:Various cultures might define“old”and“young”differently,but every culture has a set of attitudes—age norms—for old people and a different set of attitudes for young people.For example,an older adult might be seen as having more—or less—status than a young adult—no matter how the culture defines what age is“old.”

Early adulthood is the period from age 18 to 40.Early adulthood is when more new social roles are acquired than at any other time of life.The first new role is often independent adulthood,as the young person leaves home.Another new role is worker,as the young adult begin a career.Young adults also acquire the role of spouse,as most first marriages occur during early adulthood.A major new role is that of parent.Over 80 percent of adults in North America will eventually become parents,normally in their twenties or thirties.

The second stage of adulthood,middle adulthood,is roughly from age 40 to 65.In middle adulthood,the same social roles are still present—spouse,parent,worker—but they become less demanding and less confining than they were during early adulthood.A few new roles are added,like grandparent,or maybe caregiver to our own aging parents.This is the“sandwich generation,”because people in middle adulthood are sandwiched between the needs of their children and the needs of their aging parents.

Late adulthood begins at age 65.Late adulthood is normally marked by a decline in the number of social roles.The role of worker is shed at retirement.The older adult is still a parent,but that role now has fewer duties.For many people,the role of spouse is given up to widowhood.Yes?

W:So far,you’ve been talking about people who have children.What about people who don’t have children?

M:Adults who don’t have children don’t experience the role changes that accompany a child’s development,yet their experiences do not otherwise differ in any substantial way.They follow the basic pattern of adulthood.By this I mean,they add new roles in early adulthood,change roles in middle adulthood,and shed roles in late adulthood.

二、Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力中文翻译：

M：在我们成年的过程中，我们都会改变。我们经历的一些变化是生物性的，是衰老的自然组成部分。有些是文化体验，例如与我们的家庭生活有关的变化。成年期的许多变化涉及社会关系和责任。此外，还有一些更为内在和个性化的变化。问题

W：是的。嗯，你所说的-1是指我们所经历的这些变化是我们生物钟的一部分吗？

M：我很高兴你提出了生物钟。“生物钟”一词是指随着年龄的增长而发生的生物和化学变化，就像时钟在背景中滴答作响一样。成年人的一些变化是生物性的。这些变化通常很容易观察到，比如我的头发变白了。有些生物变化不是直接可见的，例如。。。嗯大脑神经连接效率的降低。但我们所经历的一些变化更多地与社会学有关，而非生物学。还有一个“社会时钟”，它定义了正常生活经历的顺序，例如。。。嗯教育、职业、婚姻等的时机。几乎所有的社会都是按年龄层组织的，生活中的各个时期都有其规范，这是典型的。。。嗯期望、需求、社会角色和责任。人们对20岁、40岁和70岁的人有不同的期望和态度。我们通常认为20岁的人会有某种行为，但我们认为40岁或70岁的人会有不同的行为。我们对每个年龄组的态度构成了我们认为该年龄组的年龄标准。

W：对不起，巴特勒医生。这些年龄标准在不同的文化中会不会有所不同？我的意思是，在某些文化中，40岁的人被认为老了，但在其他文化中，40岁的人仍然有点年轻。

M：不同的文化可能对“老”和“年轻”有不同的定义，但每种文化都有一套态度——老年人的年龄标准和年轻人的不同态度。例如，无论文化如何定义“老”是什么年龄，老年人可能被视为比年轻人拥有更多或更少的地位

成年早期是从18岁到40岁的时期。成年早期是获得比生命中任何其他时期都多的新社会角色的时期。当年轻人离开家时，第一个新角色通常是独立的成年人。另一个新角色是工人，因为年轻人开始了职业生涯。年轻人也获得了配偶的角色，因为大多数初婚发生在成年早期。一个主要的新角色是家长。北美80%以上的成年人最终将成为父母，通常在20多岁或30多岁时。

成年的第二阶段，即中年，大约在40岁到65岁之间。在成年中期，配偶、父母、工人仍然扮演着同样的社会角色，但与成年早期相比，他们对社会的要求和约束都有所降低。增加了一些新角色，比如祖父母，或者我们年迈父母的照顾者。这就是“三明治一代”，因为中年人夹在孩子的需要和年迈父母的需要之间。

成年晚期始于65岁。成年后期，社会角色的数量通常会减少。工人的角色在退休时被解除。老年人仍然是父母，但现在这个角色的职责更少了。对许多人来说，配偶的角色已经被守寡所取代。对

W：到目前为止，你一直在谈论有孩子的人。那些没有孩子的人呢？

M：没有孩子的成年人不会经历伴随孩子发展而来的角色变化，但他们的经历在其他方面没有任何实质性的差异。他们遵循成年人的基本模式。我的意思是，他们在成年早期增加新的角色，在成年中期改变角色，在成年后期摆脱角色。

三、Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力问题：

Q1:What aspect of adulthood does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Biological changes related to the aging process

B.Changes in roles and responsibilities during adulthood

C.Differences between childhood and adulthood

D.Cultural differences in attitudes toward older adults

Q2:Why does the professor discuss the“biological clock”?

A.To review a term before the next test

B.To compare different types of clocks

C.To amuse students with a personal story

D.To respond to a student’s question

Q3:Why does the professor say this:

A.To explain the concept of age norms

B.To show that 20-year-olds have the most fun

C.To describe cultural differences in aging

D.To complain about abnormal behavior

Q4:What does the professor imply about age norms?

A.Age norms for a 40-year-old are the same in every culture.

B.An adult’s status may be determined by age norms.

C.It is young adults who define their society’s age norms.

D.Psychologists cannot explain why age norms exist.

Q5:Based on the information in the lecture,indicate whether each sentence below characterizes early adulthood,middle adulthood,or late adulthood.

For each sentence,click in the correct box.

This question is worth 2 points.

Q6:

What does the professor say about people who do not have children?

A.They tend to become independent adults at a very young age.

B.They follow the same basic stages of adulthood as other people.

C.They do not have any social roles after they retire from work.

D.They do not enjoy life as much as people with children do.

四、Changes in Adulthood托福红Delta听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：D

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：ABAC

A6:正确答案：B

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