the Renaissance gardens托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

the Renaissance gardens托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、the Renaissance gardens 托福听力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.

MALE PROFESSOR: OK. We have been talking about the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance, from around A.D. 1400 to around A.D. 1600. Last class, we had a look at some of the magnificent palaces and villas built during this time period. And just as class was ending, someone asked about the gardens associated with these palaces and villas. And so I'd like to say a few things about them before we move on.Now, when I say gardens, I don't mean vegetable gardens or simple flower gardens. These were lavishly constructed, finely detailed gardens that covered hundreds of acres, with exotic plants and ornamental statues. And they were just as much a symbol of their owners?social position as their palaces and villas were. Again, what was the inspiration for the Renaissance? Rebecca?FEMALE STUDENT: Classical art and architecture of the ancient Greeks and Romans.MALE PROFESSOR: That's right. As we've said before, the main point of the Renaissance was to revive the genius of the ancient Greeks and Romans, which is why designers of Renaissance gardens designed them as the ancient Romans would have designed them, or at least as they imagined the ancient Romans would have designed them.FEMALE STUDENT: How did they know what ancient Roman gardens look like?

MALE PROFESSOR: Well, they didn't have any pictures. But they did have some very detailed descriptions of ancient Roman villas and their gardens that had been written by famous Roman authors who lived during the height of the Roman Empire. And at least three of those authors, one was a scholar, one was a poet, and one was lawyer, were very authoritative, very reliable sources.

Uh, and interestingly enough, there was another source that didn't describe classical gardens but still became a great influence on Renaissance gardens.It was also written back during the height of the Roman Empire by a mathematician known as Hero of Alexandria.Hero was a Greek....

But he lived in Alexandria, Egypt, which was at the time part of the Roman Empire. Hero compiled descriptions and sketches of seventy some clever little mechanical devices, most of which utilized compressed air to cause water, or in some cases wine, to flow from one place to another, or sometimes to squirt or to make some kind of noise. Yes? John?MALE STUDENT: Could you give an example?MALE PROFESSOR: Well, one of the devices was a sacrificial vessel that was obviously designed for a temple, not for a garden. Anyway, if you drop money into this vessel, water would flow out of it. Well, creative minds in the Renaissance realized that this little device could be nicely repurposed as a nifty little fountain.Designers of Renaissance gardens loved this sort of thing. They loved to incorporate novelties and tricks, things to amuse and impress guests.MALE STUDENT: And that was the purpose? To impress people?MALE PROFESSOR: Sure. As a nobleman or wealthy landowner, one purpose of having a fabulous villa with a fantastic garden was to impress people. It was a way of proving your social position.MALE STUDENT: Oh, OK. You also mentioned tricks?MALE PROFESSOR: Well, for example, some gardens had plaster or marble birds that sang when water flowed through them. Some fountains were designed to squirt people with water.MALE STUDENT: And these things were popular?MALE PROFESSOR: Yes. They may have been the most popular features of the gardens. I mean, flowers and statues can be nice to look at, but these things were a lot more fun. And the more clever the device is, the more famous the garden and the greater prestige the landowner enjoyed. Yes? Rebecca.FEMALE STUDENT: What about mazes? I read that they were a major part of the Renaissance gardens.MALE PROFESSOR: Oh, yes. They certainly were! Mazes or labyrinths, as they're also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens. How that came to be though is a bit of a mystery. Mazes have a long history going back to the ancient Egyptians, but they started appearing in gardens only during the Renaissance, or perhaps just a little bit prior to that.

According to one source, what happened was: in the late 1400s, a highly respected expert published a book on architecture. And readers somehow mistakenly inferred from that book that ancient Romans had mazes in their gardens. So then designers of Renaissance gardens thinking they were following in the footsteps of the ancient Romans...well, guess what they did?

二、the Renaissance gardens 托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在艺术史课上听一节课的一部分。

男教授：好的。我们一直在谈论意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术和建筑，从公元1400年左右到公元1600年左右。上节课，我们参观了这一时期建造的一些宏伟的宫殿和别墅。就在下课的时候，有人问起与这些宫殿和别墅相关的花园。所以在我们继续之前，我想对他们说几句话。现在，当我说花园时，我不是指蔬菜园或简单的花园。这些花园占地数百英亩，建筑豪华，细致入微，有奇异的植物和装饰性雕像。它们也是主人的象征？他们的宫殿和别墅所处的社会地位。再说一遍，文艺复兴的灵感是什么？丽贝卡？女学生：古希腊和罗马的古典艺术和建筑。男教授：没错。正如我们之前所说，文艺复兴的主要目的是复兴古希腊和古罗马人的天才，这就是为什么文艺复兴花园的设计师会像古罗马人那样设计它们，或者至少像他们想象的古罗马人那样设计它们。女学生：他们怎么知道古罗马花园是什么样子的？

男教授：嗯，他们没有任何照片。但他们确实有一些关于古罗马别墅及其花园的非常详细的描述，这些描述是由生活在罗马帝国鼎盛时期的着名罗马作家所写的。其中至少有三位作者，一位是学者，一位是诗人，一位是律师，都是非常权威、非常可靠的资料来源。

嗯，有趣的是，还有另一个来源没有描述古典园林，但仍然对文艺复兴时期的花园产生了巨大影响。在罗马帝国鼎盛时期，一位被称为亚历山大英雄的数学家也写下了这封信。英雄是希腊人。。。。

但他住在埃及的亚历山大，那里当时是罗马帝国的一部分。Hero编写了70多个聪明的小型机械装置的描述和草图，其中大多数利用压缩空气使水或葡萄酒从一个地方流向另一个地方，有时喷射或发出某种噪音。对厕所？男学生：你能举个例子吗？男教授：嗯，其中一个装置是一个祭器，显然是为寺庙设计的，而不是为花园设计的。无论如何，如果你把钱投进这个容器，水就会流出。文艺复兴时期的创意人士意识到，这个小装置可以很好地重新用作一个漂亮的小喷泉。文艺复兴时期花园的设计师们喜欢这种东西。他们喜欢把新奇的东西和技巧结合在一起，以取悦客人，给客人留下深刻印象。男学生：那就是目的？给人留下深刻印象？男教授：当然可以。作为一个贵族或富有的地主，拥有一座拥有梦幻花园的梦幻别墅的目的之一就是给人们留下深刻印象。这是证明你的社会地位的一种方式。男学生：哦，好的。你还提到了技巧？男教授：例如，一些花园里有石膏或大理石，当水流过时，鸟儿会唱歌。一些喷泉被设计用来向人们喷水。男生：这些东西很流行吗？男教授：是的。它们可能是花园中最受欢迎的特色。我的意思是，花和雕像看起来很漂亮，但这些东西更有趣。这个装置越聪明，花园就越有名，土地所有者享有的声誉也就越高。对丽贝卡。女生：那迷宫呢？我读到他们是文艺复兴时期花园的重要组成部分。男教授：哦，是的。他们当然是！迷宫或迷宫，也被称为迷宫，在文艺复兴时期的花园中非常常见。然而，这是如何发生的，有点神秘。迷宫有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到古埃及人，但它们只是在文艺复兴时期才开始出现在花园中，或许只是在文艺复兴之前一点点。

据一位消息人士透露，所发生的事情是：在14世纪末，一位备受尊敬的专家出版了一本关于建筑的书。读者们不知何故从那本书中错误地推断出古罗马人的花园里有迷宫。所以文艺复兴时期花园的设计师们认为他们在追随古罗马人的脚步。。。猜猜他们做了什么？

三、the Renaissance gardens 托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A. The most popular features of ancient Roman gardens

B. The goals of Renaissance garden designers

C. The influence of Renaissance gardens on modern Italian gardensD.

Differences between ancient Greek gardens and ancient Roman gardens

Q2:2.The professor mentions three authors from ancient Rome. What point does the professor make about the three authors?

A. They provided credible descriptions of ancient Roman gardens.

B. They probably exaggerated the beauty of ancient Roman gardens.

C. They probably never owned gardens themselves.

D. They invented gardening practices that are still used in Italy today.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention Hero of Alexandria?

A. To explain the relationship between ancient Greek gardens and ancient Roman gardens

B. To explain how ancient Roman gardens came to be influenced by Egyptian culture

C. To point out that garden designers were highly respected members of Roman society

D. To indicate the origin of some of the features of Renaissance gardens

Q4:4.According to the professor, what was one goal of the designers of Renaissance gardens?

A. To incorporate plants from as many parts of the world as possible

B. To develop beautiful new breeds of plants

C. To provide amusement for guests

D. To create a peaceful setting for prayer and meditation

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about mazes?

A. They were not part of ancient Roman gardens.

B. They were not common in Renaissance gardens.

C. They often incorporated hidden water tricks.

D. They were the most creative aspect of Renaissance gardens.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply when he says this:

A. Designers of Renaissance gardens were in some ways more creative than the designers of ancient Roman gardens.

B. Designers of Renaissance gardens sometimes had inaccurate conceptions of ancient Roman gardens.

C. Designers of Renaissance gardens sometimes deliberately violated the design principles used in ancient Roman gardens.

D. Designers of Renaissance gardens were able to take advantage of technology that was not available to the designers of ancient Roman gardens.

四、the Renaissance gardens 托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：A

A6:正确答案：B

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