托福红DeltaTest3听力Immune Response

托福红DeltaTest3听力Immune Response，接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

Immune Response托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Immune Response托福听力原文：

M:One type of immune response has to do with bees—actually any insect of that class，including hornets and fire ants.If you’ve ever been stung or bitten，you know how painful it is.But stings and bites usually aren’t dangerous，unless you have lots of them at the same time，or unless you have an allergic reaction to the venom.A massive allergic reaction to a sting is known as anaphylaxis.The term anaphylaxis is Greek for“a lack of protection.”But the name is sort of inaccurate.Anaphylaxis is actually a disease，a severe form of allergic，um，over-response by the immune system when it’s suddenly faced with a foreign substance.That foreign substance is the bee’s venom，or in some cases it’s certain foods，like nuts，eggs，and shellfish...or drugs，especially antibiotics like penicillin.Anaphylaxis—or anaphylactic shock—is one of those true emergencies where minutes can make the difference between life and death.It can start within seconds，although sometimes it has a delay of thirty minutes or more.

W:Excuse me，Professor Watson，but how do you recognize it?I mean，there’s a difference between a few seconds and thirty minutes.So how do you...like，how do you know when a person’s in anaphylactic shock?

M:Sometimes it’s hard to identify the real reason why someone is in trouble.Unfortunately，that’s what happened last year to a little girl who ate a peanut cookie at a birthday party.No one who was with her at the time knew she was allergic to peanuts，so they didn’t know why she suddenly went into respiratory distress.The reason，of course，was anaphylaxis.But by the time the medics got there，it was too late，and the girl died.

So，how do we identify anaphylactic shock?The first sign is the victim becomes very weak and feels sick.There may be an itchy rash near the site of the sting，if it’s a bee sting，or a tingling in the mouth，if it’s a food allergy.The tissues of the face and throat may swell up.The chest feels tight，and the person has trouble breathing—this is when every minute，every second matters.The blood pressure drops dangerously low.Finally，the person may lose consciousness and stop breathing.When this happens，the person’s life is in danger.Anaphylactic shock，as you can see，can be life threatening in some cases.

What happens to the immune system?First，it has to be exposed previously to the offending substance—the bee venom，the peanuts，or whatever.People don’t get anaphylaxis from their first bee sting.The immune cells that produce antibodies...they...uh...they have to be sensitized to the offending substance at least once before they overreact to it the second or third time.We don’t understand why some unlucky immune systems go crazy the next time they encounter the same substance.But some immune systems do sort of go crazy.The cells pour out far more antibody than they need.This sets off a whole series of reactions involving the release of histamine into the bloodstream.Histamine makes the blood vessels dilate and get“leaky，”and the liquid part of the blood leaks out into the tissues.This is what causes the skin rash，the potentially fatal swelling，the narrowing of the airways，and the drop in blood pressure.The worst part is all of this happens within minutes.

W:Because this can happen so fast—I mean，going into shock—how do we prevent—I mean，is there a way we can stop somebody from dying of this?

M:With anaphylaxis，a few minutes can make the difference between life and death，so the keys to survival are being prepared and acting quickly.The most important tool to have is called an epi-pen—basically an automatic syringe that lets you self-administer the drug epinephrine into your body，a drug that helps combat the effects of anaphylaxis.

二、Immune Response托福听力中文翻译：

M：一种类型的免疫反应与蜜蜂有关——实际上是任何这类昆虫，包括黄蜂和火蚁。如果你曾经被蜇过或咬过，你知道它有多痛。但是蜇过和咬过通常并不危险，除非你同时有很多，或者你对毒液有过敏反应。对刺痛的大规模过敏反应称为过敏反应。过敏一词在希腊语中是“缺乏保护”的意思，但这个名字有点不准确。过敏反应实际上是一种疾病，一种严重的过敏反应，当免疫系统突然面对外来物质时，免疫系统会产生过度反应。这种异物是蜜蜂的毒液，或者在某些情况下是某些食物，如坚果、鸡蛋和贝类…或药物，尤其是抗生素，如青霉素。过敏反应或过敏性休克是真正的紧急情况之一，在这种情况下，几分钟就能区分生死。它可以在几秒钟内启动，尽管有时会延迟30分钟或更长时间。

W：对不起，沃森教授，你怎么认识它？我的意思是，几秒钟和三十分钟之间有区别。那么你怎么…比如，你怎么知道一个人什么时候过敏性休克？

M：有时很难确定某人陷入困境的真正原因。不幸的是，去年一个小女孩在生日派对上吃了花生曲奇，就发生了这样的事。当时和她在一起的人都不知道她对花生过敏，所以他们不知道她为什么突然呼吸窘迫。当然，原因是过敏。但当医护人员赶到时，已经太晚了，女孩死了。

那么，我们如何识别过敏性休克？第一个迹象是受害者变得非常虚弱，感到恶心。如果是蜜蜂蜇伤，叮伤部位附近可能会有发痒的皮疹，如果是食物过敏，口腔可能会有刺痛感。面部和喉咙的组织可能会肿胀。胸部感到紧绷，患者呼吸困难，这是每一分钟、每一秒都很重要的时候。血压下降到危险的低点。最后，患者可能失去意识并停止呼吸。当这种情况发生时，该人的生命处于危险之中。如你所见，过敏性休克在某些情况下可能危及生命。

免疫系统会发生什么？首先，它必须事先接触到有害物质——蜂毒、花生或任何东西。人们不会因为第一次被蜜蜂蜇而过敏。产生抗体的免疫细胞……他们……呃……在第二次或第三次反应过度之前，他们必须至少对这种有害物质敏感一次。我们不明白为什么一些不幸的免疫系统下次遇到同样的物质时会发疯。但一些免疫系统确实有些疯狂。这些细胞分泌出的抗体远远超过它们所需要的。这引发了一系列反应，包括组胺释放到血液中。组胺使血管扩张并变得“渗漏”，血液中的液体部分泄漏到组织中。这就是导致皮疹、可能致命的肿胀、气道狭窄和血压下降的原因。最糟糕的是，这一切都发生在几分钟内。

W：因为这可能发生得很快，我是说，我们如何预防休克，我是指，有什么方法可以阻止某人死于这种疾病吗？

M：对于过敏反应，几分钟就可以区分生死，因此生存的关键是做好准备并迅速采取行动。最重要的工具是epi pen——基本上是一个自动注射器，可以让你自己将药物肾上腺素注入体内，这种药物有助于对抗过敏反应的影响。

三、Immune Response托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The components of the immune system

B.Why some people are immune from disease

C.A severe type of immune response

D.Dangers of different types of shock

Q2:According to the professor，what can initiate anaphylaxis?

Click on two answers.

A.Alcohol

B.Bee venom

C.Peanuts

D.A virus

Q3:Why does the professor tell a story about a little girl at a birthday party?

A.To find out which students have children

B.To frighten the class with facts about bees

C.To change the topic of the discussion

D.To stress the serious effects of an allergy

Q4:Why does the professor say this:

A.To stress the mysterious nature of severe immune responses

B.To argue that anaphylaxis is mainly the result of bad luck

C.To point out that scientists disagree over what causes allergies

D.To suggest that people are crazy to eat offending substances

Q5:The professor describes what happens during anaphylactic shock.Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process.

For each sentence，click in the correct box.

Q6:What can be inferred about surviving anaphylaxis?

A.It is impossible for children to survive anaphylaxis.

B.Only a few people have ever survived anaphylaxis.

C.Survival depends on immediate medical treatment.

D.The professor knows someone who survived the disease.

四、Immune Response托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：BC

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：AABAB

A6:正确答案：C

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