托福tpo49听力lecture2 Montessori Method

托福tpo49听力lecture2 Montessori Method，接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

Montessori Method托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Montessori Method托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an education class.The professor is discussing the Italian educator Maria Montessori.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Okay，if you did your reading for today then you were introduced to a very influential alternative to traditional education.This educational philosophy and methodology was pioneered in Italy in the early 1900s by Dr.Maria Montessori.It's called the Montessori Method.But what made the Montessori Method for young children so different?What made it so different，so special?

MALE STUDENT:It's based on very different ideas about how kids learn best，right?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Um，hmm.It was groundbreaking.To begin with，unlike the traditional classrooms at the time，the Montessori classroom environment was more suited to the child—the furniture was child-sized;well，it's that way in almost all schools now，but that wasn't always the case.

We can thank Montessori for this.Uh，you won't see any long benches with children in rows or heavy desks that separate children.Children are free to interact with each other.An-and in Montessori classrooms the furniture is lightweight，so children can move it around easily.And having furniture and materials made to fit them makes kids feel more competent.This fits in with Montessori’s notion of liberty and autonomy.Children are free to move around the room，and they learn to do things for themselves.

MALE STUDENT:I'm not sure I get that part.It sounds like potential chaos.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Oh，no，no，no.Let's not confuse this liberty of activity with lack of discipline.In fact，teachers have to maintain this specific environment carefully through a number of rules，which are generally about respect and what’s right.It-it’s just that the child needs freedom of choice to develop independence and self-direction.

Also，unlike what happens in most conventional classrooms，children choose their own activities.They may be guided by the teacher，but it’s ultimately up to each child to select tasks.Which brings us to the manipulative equipment you find in a Montessori classroom，ah，like little boards that have rough or smooth surfaces，or blocks that can be stacked into a tower.Now，this equipment was designed by Montessori over time with much experimentation—designed，um，well，designed to help children teach themselves，through playing.

FEMALE STUDENT:Well，what do the teachers do，I mean，if the kids are teaching themselves?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Ah，well，that's a good question.To start，uh，a child may not work with an activity until the teacher has demonstrated its proper use.Then the Montessori teacher's job is to observe the child's play，because when the children“play”they're acquiring the basis for later concepts.So the teacher helps motivate and focus each child and monitors the child's progress，but does not interfere with the child's observations and deductions.That was—and still is—a novel idea，and—for many teachers—not the easiest thing to do.In fact，for some it's very difficult.Montessori herself called the teacher a“director.”Remember，the independence of the learner lies at the heart of the Montessori methodology.

FEMALE STUDENT:OK，yeah，it does seem like the teacher'd need a lot of training and patience.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:True.As I said，it's not easy for a lot of teachers to step back like that.But getting back to the equipment.Basic Montessori equipment can be divided into a number of major subject areas，such as Practical Life，Mathematics，and what is called Sensorial.

With the sensorial equipment the children can explore things like sounds and textures.At the same time they develop motor skills.But this apparent play is laying the groundwork for later math and language work.

Now let's take a look at the materials called“brown stairs.”For a young child playing with these graduated blocks，these uh，brown stairs，they are not just a sensorial lesson.By manipulating them，the child develops fine motor skills and by sorting and classifying them by size，by weight，the child learns some basic mathematics.…Similarly，with Practical Life equipment，the child can learn how to button a shirt，cut up an apple for a snack，and，uh，other real-world tasks.

MALE STUDENT:With all this integration and real-world learning，is there any room for creativity?<br>

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Is creativity encouraged?Well，Montessori teachers wouldn’t praise a child for using a violin as a baseball bat or for putting it on their head like a hat.But，actually，creativity comes through learning to play the violin，using the object for the purpose it was intended，and Practical Life exercises stress that.

二、Montessori Method托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听一段教育课上的演讲。教授正在讨论意大利教育家玛丽亚·蒙台梭利。

女教授：好吧，如果你今天做了阅读，那么你就被介绍给了一个非常有影响力的传统教育替代方案。20世纪初，玛丽亚·蒙台梭利博士在意大利开创了这种教育理念和方法。这叫做蒙特梭利方法。但是，是什么让蒙台梭利方法对幼儿如此不同呢？是什么让它如此与众不同，如此特别？

男学生：这是基于关于孩子如何学习最好的不同观点，对吧？

女教授：嗯，这是开创性的。首先，与当时的传统教室不同，蒙台梭利的教室环境更适合孩子——家具是儿童大小的；嗯，现在几乎所有的学校都是这样的，但情况并不总是如此。

我们可以为此感谢蒙台梭利。呃，你不会看到孩子们排成一排的长椅，也不会看到把孩子们分开的沉重书桌。孩子们可以自由地相互交流。在蒙台梭利教室里，家具很轻，所以孩子们可以很容易地移动。拥有适合他们的家具和材料会让孩子们觉得更有能力。这符合蒙台梭利的自由和自治理念。孩子们可以自由地在房间里走动，他们学会了为自己做事。

男学生：我不确定我能得到那个角色。这听起来像是潜在的混乱。

女教授：哦，不，不，我们不要把这种活动自由与缺乏纪律混为一谈。事实上，教师必须通过一系列规则来谨慎地维护这种特定的环境，这些规则通常是关于尊重和什么是正确的。这只是因为孩子需要选择的自由来发展独立性和自我指导。

此外，与大多数传统教室不同，孩子们选择自己的活动。他们可能会受到老师的指导，但最终由每个孩子来选择任务。这让我们看到了你在蒙台梭利教室里发现的操纵设备，比如表面粗糙或光滑的小木板，或者可以堆叠成塔的积木。现在，这个设备是由蒙台梭利设计的，经过大量实验设计的，嗯，好吧，旨在帮助孩子们通过玩耍自学。

女学生：我的意思是，如果孩子们在自学，老师会做什么？

女教授：嗯，这是个好问题。首先，嗯，在老师演示了正确的使用方法之前，孩子可能不会参与某项活动。然后，蒙台梭利老师的工作就是观察孩子的游戏，因为当孩子们“玩”的时候，他们会为以后的概念奠定基础。因此，老师帮助激励和关注每个孩子，监督孩子的进步，但不干涉孩子的观察和推断。这过去是，现在仍然是一个新颖的想法，对许多老师来说，这不是最容易做到的事情。事实上，对一些人来说，这是非常困难的。蒙台梭利自己称老师为“指导者”。记住，学习者的独立性是蒙台梭里方法论的核心。

女学生：好的，是的，看起来老师确实需要很多训练和耐心。

女教授：没错。正如我所说，很多老师都不容易这样退缩。但回到设备上。基本的蒙台梭利设备可以分为许多主要的学科领域，如实用生活、数学和所谓的感官。

有了感官设备，孩子们可以探索声音和纹理等事物。同时，他们发展了运动技能。但这场明显的比赛为后来的数学和语言工作奠定了基础。

现在，让我们来看一看被称为“棕色楼梯”的材料。对于一个玩这些分级积木的小孩来说，这些棕色楼梯不仅仅是一堂感官课。通过操纵它们，孩子发展了良好的运动技能，通过按大小、重量对它们进行分类，孩子学习了一些基本的数学。…同样，使用实用生活设备，孩子可以学习如何扣衬衫、切苹果当零食，以及其他现实生活中的任务。

男学生：有了所有这些融合和现实世界的学习，还有创造的空间吗<br>

女教授：创造力受到鼓励吗？嗯，蒙台梭利的老师不会称赞孩子把小提琴当作棒球棒，或者把它当作帽子戴在头上。但是，实际上，创造力来自于学习拉小提琴，将物体用于预期目的，而实践生活练习强调了这一点。

三、Montessori Method托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Children's reactions to the Montessori Method

B.Teacher training in the Montessori Method

C.How the Montessori Method facilitates children's development

D.How Maria Montessori developed her educational method

Q2:What does the professor imply about the furniture that was traditionally found in children's classrooms in the early 1900s?[Click on three answers.]

A.It did not encourage interaction among children.

B.It helped maintain discipline in the classroom.

C.It was heavy and difficult for children to move.

D.It was not child sized.

E.It encouraged children to act independently.

Q3:According to the professor，what is the primary goal of the Montessori teacher?

A.To instruct the child in the correct use of the manipulative equipment

B.To prepare the child socially for future school interactions

C.To focus directly on the skills necessary for academic success

D.To guide the child to learn skills and concepts independently

Q4:What is the professor's attitude about the Montessori teacher's role?

A.She thinks children need more interaction with adults than it allows.

B.She thinks it is too limiting for the teacher.

C.She thinks it could be a difficult role to perform.

D.She thinks it demands expertise in many academic areas.

Q5:What does the example of the brown stairs demonstrate about Montessori classroom materials?

A.That natural materials provide children with a superior sensorial experience

B.That Montessori classroom materials are generally the same as those used in other primary schools

C.That same materials lack a particular educational focus

D.That one set of materials can be used to introduce several skills

Q6:Why does the professor mention the violin?[Click on two answers.]

A.To demonstrate the type of creativity the Montessori method encourages

B.To stress the importance of music education at an early age

C.To give an example of how advanced Montessori lessons can be

D.To show that Montessori teachers expect materials to be used for their intended purpose

四、Montessori Method托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：ACD

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：D

A6:正确答案：AD

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