2021年11月6日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(5)

2021年11月6日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(5) 关于这个问题下面小编就来为各个考生解答下。

2021年11月6日雅思考试机经回忆完整版(5) 

2021.11.06

READING

Passage2

Topic   All about chocolate

All about chocolate

Chocolate is the best-known food that nobody knows anything about it. This article reveals

the mystery of the bittersweet food.

A. When most of us hear the word chocolate, we picture a bar, a box of bonbons, or a

bunny. The verb that comes to mind is probably "eat," not "drink," and the most apt adjective

would seem to be "sweet." But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly

a beverage, and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.

B. The terminology can be a lttle confusing, but most experts these days use the term

"cacao" to refer to the plant or its beans before processing,"I often call chocolate the

best- known food that nobody knows anything about," said Alexandra Leaf, a self described

"chocolate educator" who runs a business called Chocolate Tours of New York City. The

term“chocolate" refers to anything made from the beans, she explained. "Cocoa" generally

refers to chocolate in a powdered form, although it can also be a British form of "cacao.'

Etymologists trace the origin of the word "chocolate" to the Aztec word' xocoatl," which

referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans. The Latin name for the cacao tree,

Theobeomacacao , means "food of the gods."

C. Many modem historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2000

years, but recent research suggests that it may be even older. In the book The True History

of Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe make a case that the earliest linguistic

evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back to three or even four millennia, to

pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec.

D. Last November, anthropologists from the University of PennsyIvania announced the

discovery of cacao residue on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as

1400 B.C. It appears that the sweet pulp of the cacao fruit, which surrounds the beans, was

fermented into an alcoholic beverage of the time.

E. It's hard to pin down exactly when chocolate was born, but it's dlear that it was cherished

from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were

considered valuable enough to use as currency. One bean could be traded for a tamale,

while 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 1 6th-century Aztec

document.Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even

divine, properties, suitable for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

According to the book The Chocolate Connoisseur, Aztec sacrifce victims who felt too

melancholy to join in ritual dancing before their death were often given a gourd of chocolate

(tinged with the blood of previous victims) to cheer them up.

F. Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and

sampled the native cuisine. Legend has it that the Aztec king Montezuma welcomed the

Spanish explorer Hemando Cortes with a banquet that indluded drinking chocolate, having

tragically mistaken him for a reincamated deity instead of a conquering invader. Chocolate

didn't suit the foreigners' taste buds at first- one described it in his writings as“a bitter drink

for pigs"- -but once mixed with cane sugar, or if it is available, honey, it quickly became

popular throughout Spain. By the 1 7th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout

Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal and even aphrodisiac properties. But it

remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass

production possible in the late 1700s.

G. In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate by removing about

half the natural fat (cacao butter) from chocolate liquor, pulverizing what remained and

treating the mixture with alkaline salts to cut the bitter taste. His product became known as

"Dutch cocoa," and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. The creation of the first

modern chocolate bar is credited to Joseph Fry, who in 1847 discovered that he could make

a moldable chocolate paste by adding melted cacao butter back into Dutch cocoa. By 1868,

a lttle company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk

chocolate hit the market a few years later, pioneered by another name that may ring a

bell- -Nestle.

H. In modem society,additives and sugars were added to cacao, more like candies than

chocolates.

I. The United States accounts for 20% of the world's chocolate consumption. Women [91%]

prefer to eat chocolate more than men [87%]. The average person consumes 11 kilograms

every day.

题目方面

14-17为段幕匹配题

Which paragraph contains the following information?

14.a reference to the economic worth of cacao beans at one point in the past

E

15.an indication of general consumption of chocolate in modern society

1

16.a reference to the ingredient change of modem chocolate

H

17.an account of first opinion of Europeans on chocolate

F

18-22为匹配题

18. Language

B

19. word,used to describe A

20.题目暂缺

D

21. Ceremony

E

22. old ceramics

C

A Alexandra Leaf

B Sophie and Michael Coe

C暂缺

D暂缺

E暂缺

F Joseph Fry

23-26为填空题

Europeans first thought chocolates were bitter, but with the combination of sugar or__ _23___

it became popular in European. However, it is only the food of the_ 24___ _until the late

1700s.

In the early years of 1800s, a_ 25_

made powdered chocolate through extracting

_26___ and added to specific salts.

23. honey

24. rich

25. chemist

26. fat

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