托福tpo65听力lecture2 Resilience

托福tpo65听力lecture2 Resilience，今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

Resilience托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Resilience托福听力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.

Professor:There’s a common notion that psychology is about what’s wrong with people,but psychology also offers us important tools for living happier,for getting more satisfaction out of life.And a key concept in the field of health psychology is resilience.

When resilient people face adversity,they generally refuse to be discouraged.So when a negative event occurs,say,losing a job or another major setback,are they like,uh,“why did this happen to me?”or do they try to bounce right back and perhaps learn something meaningful.This attitude,this tendency to deal with difficulties in a positive way is what we call resilience.

Resilient people don’t generally feel like victims or feel sorry for themselves or complain a lot when things go wrong.Instead,they use active coping mechanisms.Active coping includes things like finding social support and reframing stressful situations in a positive light.And research shows that using active coping mechanisms is associated with an improved sense of well-being.

Take this scenario.The psychology department here recently started offering some courses online over the internet,but before students can enroll,they have to master some fairly complicated computer skills.Some students get frustrated easily and perceive this challenge to be insurmountable.They just sit around complaining.

But students who are more resilient find a way to learn the technology.They even seem to like the challenge,even when it’s more difficult than they expected and not much fun,unlike the first group who just throw up their hands.

What I’m talking about is persistence,coming back again and again after repeated failures.Persistence is another aspect of resiliency,and so is seeking to learn from adversity,realizing the value of what we take away from one challenge and using it to help us tackle the next challenge.

Think of resilience as a set of personality traits that predisposed someone to approach a difficult situation as a challenge that can be overcome and that might even offer an opportunity for some deeper understanding.

Female Student:So do you think resilient personality traits are inborn or are they learned,acquired somehow?

Professor:Well,I don’t want to go into biology,but there’s some evidence that you are born with a certain predisposition,let’s say.So you have a genetic factor there.However,if you are raised in a family where people have a lot of energy,where parents coach their children through adversity,that predisposition isn’t going to affect you as much as the environment in which you are raised.

Now,having said that,if you’re raised in a home where it tends to be negative,that’s going to affect how you see the world,but not irreparably,you can have other adults in your life,other than your parents,what we call natural mentors,who can model and encourage resilient behavior,maybe a grandparent,or neighbor or a coach who inspires you to practice harder after losing again.

Male Student:Say once you are an adult and you are out of school living on your own,is it possible to teach yourself to become more resilient?

Professor:Well,historically,the predominant view was that personality was pretty much set by age 30,but recently we found evidence suggesting that fundamental personality traits such as agreeableness and willingness to take risks can change to some degree.

One major survey found that experiences like education,jobs,and parenting can alter personality and generally for the good.For example,holding down a job requires that a person be conscientious and organized,so people tend to become more responsible as they age.So while it does get harder to change the older we get,it is possible.

But to be more specific about your question,how can we become more resilient?Well,first we need to identify traits we have that make us less resilient.Which traits might fit into that category?

Female Student:Uh,impatience or fear of failure?

Professor:Sure,also being overly critical of ourselves,demanding perfection.By becoming aware of such tendencies,it may be easier to block or ignore them when they get in our way.But we should also identify our traits that can help us become more resilient.Like perfectionists tend to be very good at setting goals,so they could set a new goal,becoming more resilient.It also helps to ask the support of friends,to encourage them,like those frustrated psychology students I mentioned earlier.A friend could help them identify what’s blocking them,fear of breaking the computer maybe,and reassure them,and also stress the rewards of taking online courses,like getting a good education or finding a whole new career.

二、Resilience托福听力中文翻译：

在心理学课上听一部分讲座。

教授：有一个普遍的观点认为心理学是关于人的问题，但心理学也为我们提供了重要的工具，让我们生活得更快乐，让我们从生活中获得更多的满足感。健康心理学领域的一个关键概念是弹性。

当有韧性的人面对逆境时，他们通常拒绝泄气。所以当一个负面事件发生时，比如说，失去一份工作或另一次重大挫折，他们会像，呃，“为什么会发生在我身上？”或者，他们是否试图立即恢复活力，或许还能学到一些有意义的东西。这种态度，这种以积极的方式处理困难的倾向，就是我们所说的韧性。

有韧性的人通常不会觉得自己是受害者，不会为自己感到遗憾，也不会在事情出错时抱怨太多。相反，他们使用积极的应对机制。积极应对包括寻求社会支持和积极应对压力。研究表明，使用积极应对机制与改善幸福感相关。

以这个场景为例。这里的心理学系最近开始通过互联网提供一些在线课程，但在学生注册之前，他们必须掌握一些相当复杂的计算机技能。一些学生很容易感到沮丧，认为这是一个无法克服的挑战。他们只是坐着抱怨。

但更具弹性的学生找到了学习这项技术的方法。他们甚至似乎喜欢这项挑战，即使挑战比他们预期的更困难，也没有多少乐趣，而第一组人只是举手。

我所说的是坚持，在屡次失败后一次又一次地回来。坚持是弹性的另一个方面，也是从逆境中学习，认识到我们从一个挑战中获得的价值，并利用它帮助我们应对下一个挑战。

把韧性看作是一系列性格特征，使人倾向于将困难处境视为可以克服的挑战，甚至可能提供一个更深入理解的机会。

女学生：那么你认为弹性人格特质是天生的还是后天习得的？

教授：我不想学生物学，但有证据表明你天生就有某种倾向。所以你有一个遗传因素。然而，如果你在一个人们精力旺盛的家庭中长大，父母指导孩子度过逆境，那么这种倾向对你的影响不会像对你成长环境的影响那样大。

话虽如此，如果你在一个消极的家庭中长大，这将影响你对世界的看法，但不是无可挽回的，你的生活中可以有其他成年人，而不是你的父母，我们称之为自然导师，他们可以塑造和鼓励有韧性的行为，也许是祖父母，或者邻居或教练，他们会鼓励你在再次失败后更加努力地练习。

男学生：比如说，一旦你长大成人，离开学校独自生活，你有可能教自己变得更有弹性吗？

教授：从历史上看，主流观点认为性格基本上是由30岁决定的，但最近我们发现证据表明，基本的性格特征，如随和性和冒险意愿，可以在一定程度上发生变化。

一项主要调查发现，教育、工作和养育子女等经历可以改变人格，通常是有益的。例如，保住一份工作需要一个人有责任心和组织性，所以随着年龄的增长，人们往往会变得更负责任。因此，虽然随着年龄的增长，改变确实变得越来越困难，但这是可能的。

但更具体地说，你的问题是，我们如何才能变得更有弹性？首先，我们需要确定那些让我们缺乏弹性的特质。哪些特征可能属于这一类？

女学生：嗯，不耐烦还是害怕失败？

教授：当然，也对自己过于挑剔，要求完美。通过了解这些趋势，当它们阻碍我们前进时，我们可能更容易阻止或忽视它们。但我们也应该确定能够帮助我们变得更有弹性的特质。像完美主义者一样，他们往往非常擅长设定目标，因此他们可以设定新的目标，变得更有弹性。这也有助于寻求朋友的支持，鼓励他们，就像我前面提到的那些沮丧的心理学学生一样。朋友可以帮助他们识别是什么阻碍了他们，担心电脑可能会坏掉，让他们安心，还可以强调参加在线课程的回报，比如接受良好的教育或找到一份全新的职业。

三、Resilience托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To discuss the relationship between a person's personality and his or her age

B.To describe a set of personality traits that are helpful in dealing with problems

C.To explain recent findings about personality formation

D.To describe some personality traits that are mainly genetic in nature

Q2:Why does the professor mention online courses being offered by the psychology department?

A.To give an example of a problem faced by the psychology department

B.To contrast two ways of responding to a challenge

C.To point out that online courses can lead to a career in health psychology

D.To encourage students to register for courses

Q3:What point does the professor make about natural mentors?

A.They are usually parents.

B.They do not necessarily have resilient personalities.

C.They appear to be born with resilient personality traits.

D.They can help young people deal with negative situations.

Q4:According to the professor,how do the demands of working at a regular job affect a person?

A.They often test a person's resilience.

B.They can lead to positive personality change.

C.They may lead a person to change jobs frequently.

D.They provide perfectionists with opportunities for job satisfaction.

Q5:According to the professor,what can people do to become more resilient?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Become aware of their positive and negative personality traits

B.Take an online psychology course

C.Ask others for help

D.Avoid setting goals that are overly ambitious

Q6:Why does the professor say this:

A.To share how she felt about negative experiences in her own life

B.To indicate how people normally feel under challenging circumstances

C.To suggest a question that leads to a deeper understanding of oneself

D.To illustrate an important concept by describing its opposite

四、Resilience托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：AC

A6:正确答案：D

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