Four business values剑桥雅思12听力-原文翻译及答案解析

一、Four business values听力原文：

In public discussion of business,we take certain values for granted.

Today,I am going to talk about four of them:collaboration,hard work,creativity and excellence.

Most People would say they are all good things.

I'm going to suggest that's an over-simple view.

The trouble with these values is that they are theoretical concepts,removed from the reality of day-to-day business.

Pursue values by all means,but be prepared for what may happen as a result.

They can actually cause damage,which is not at all the intention.

Business leaders generally try to do the right thing.

But all too often the right thing backfires if those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing the side effects that arise.

The values can easily get in the way of what is actually intended.

Ok.So the first value I am going to discuss is collaboration,Er,let me give you an example.

On a management training course I once attended,we were put into groups and had to construct a bridge across a stream,using building blocks that we were given.

The rule was that everyone in the team had to move at least one building block during the construction.

This was intended to encourage teamwork.

But it was really a job best done by one person.

The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure,and descended into confusion,with everyone getting in each other's way.

Our team leader solved the challenge brilliantly.

She simply asked everyone in the team to move a piece a few centimeters,to comply with the rule,and then let the person in the team with an aptitude for puzzles like this build it alone.

We finished before any other team.

My point is that the task wasn't really suited to teamworking,so why make it one?

Teamwork can also lead to inconsistency-a common cause of poor sales.

In the case of a smartphone that a certain company launched,one director wanted to target the business market,and another demanded it was aimed to consumers.

The company wanted both directors to be involved,so gave the product a consumer-friendly name,but marketed it to companies.

The result was that it met the needs of neither group.

It would have better to let one director or the other have this way,not both.

Now industriousness,or hard work.

It's easy to mock people who say they work hard:after all,a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard and getting nowhere.

Of course hard work is valuable,but only when properly targeted.

Otherwise it wastes the resources that companies value most-time and energy.

And that's bad for the organization.

There's a management model that groups people according to four criteria:clever,hard-working,stupid and lazy.

Here'lazy'means having a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.

It doesn't mean trying to avoid work altogether.

Most people display two of these characteristics,and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy:they possess intellectual clarity,and they don't rush into making decisions.

They come up with solutions to save the time and energy spent by the stupid and hard-working group.

Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem,the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.

Next we come to creativity.

This often works well-creating an attention-grapping TV commercial,for example,might lead to increased sales.

But it isn't always a good thing.

Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity,without having any effect on sales.

This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar;subsequent research showed that plenty of consumers remembered the advert,but had no idea what was being advertised.

The troubles is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea,and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.

A company that brings out thousands of new products may seem more creative than a company that only has a few,but it may be too creative,and make smaller profits.

Creativity needs to be targeted to solve a problem that the company has identified.

Just coming up with more and more novel products isn’t necessarily a good thing.

And finally,excellence.

We all know companies that claim they'strive for excellence',but it takes a long time to achieve excellence.

In business,being first with a product is more profitable than having the best product.

A major study of company performance compared pioneers-that is,companies bringing out the first version of a particular product-with followers,the companies that copied and improved on that product.

The study found that the pioneers commanded an average market share of 29 percent,while the followers achieved less than half that,only 13 percent-even though their product might have been better.

Insisting on excellence in everything we do is time-consuming,wastes energy and leads to losing out on opportunities.

Sometimes,second-rate work is more worthwhile than excellence.

"Make sure it's excellent"sounds like a good approach to business,but the"just get-started"approach is likely to be more successful.

二、Four business values听力中文翻译：

在公开讨论商业时，我们认为某些价值观是理所当然的。

今天，我要谈谈其中的四个：协作、勤奋、创造力和卓越。

大多数人会说他们都是好东西。

我认为这是一个过于简单的观点。

这些价值观的问题在于，它们是理论概念，脱离了日常业务的现实。

千方百计追求价值观，但要为结果做好准备。

它们实际上可能造成损害，这根本不是本意。

商业领袖通常会尝试做正确的事情。

但是，如果这些领导人在没有理解和管理产生的副作用的情况下采用价值观，那么正确的事情往往适得其反。

这些价值观很容易妨碍实际意图。

好啊所以我要讨论的第一个价值是协作，呃，让我给你举个例子。

在我曾经参加的一个管理培训课程中，我们被分成小组，必须用我们得到的积木在溪流上架起一座桥。

规则是，团队中的每个人都必须在施工期间移动至少一个构件。

这是为了鼓励团队合作。

但这确实是一项最好由一个人完成的工作。

其他团队试图在构建结构上进行合作，但陷入了混乱，每个人都在互相阻挠。

我们的队长出色地解决了这个挑战。

她只是要求团队中的每个人按照规则移动一块几厘米，然后让团队中有这种智力的人自己制作。

我们比其他队都先完成了比赛。

我的观点是，这项任务并不真正适合团队合作，那么为什么要让它成为团队合作呢？

团队合作也会导致不一致，这是销售不佳的常见原因。

就某家公司推出的智能手机而言，一位董事希望瞄准商业市场，另一位董事则要求它瞄准消费者。

该公司希望两位董事都参与进来，因此给该产品起了一个消费者友好的名字，但将其推销给了各公司。

结果是它满足了两个群体的需求。

最好让一位董事或另一位董事都这样做，而不是两者都这样。

现在勤奋，还是努力工作。

嘲笑那些说自己工作努力的人很容易：毕竟，一只仓鼠在轮子上跑来跑去，是在努力工作，却一事无成。

当然，努力工作是有价值的，但只有在目标明确的情况下。

否则，它会浪费公司最重视的资源——时间和精力。

这对组织不利。

有一种管理模式根据四个标准对人进行分组：聪明、勤奋、愚蠢和懒惰。

在这里，“懒惰”意味着有一个理性的决心，不去执行不必要的任务。

这并不意味着完全避免工作。

大多数人都表现出其中两个特点，最有价值的人是那些既聪明又懒惰的人：他们拥有清晰的知识，不会仓促做出决定。

他们提出了解决方案，以节省愚蠢而勤奋的团队所花费的时间和精力。

聪明而懒惰的团队没有在一个问题上投入更多的人力，而是寻找一个更有效的解决方案。

接下来我们来谈谈创造力。

这通常效果很好——例如，制作吸引眼球的电视广告可能会增加销售额。

但这并不总是一件好事。

一些广告活动因其创造性而被人们铭记，但对销售没有任何影响。

这是几年前推出的一款巧克力棒；随后的研究表明，许多消费者记住了广告，但不知道广告内容。

麻烦的是，创作者从提出创意中获得乐趣，并错误地认为活动的观众会分享这种感觉。

一家推出数千种新产品的公司似乎比一家只有少数产品的公司更有创意，但它可能太有创意了，利润也很低。

创造力需要有针对性地解决公司已确定的问题。

仅仅推出越来越多的新产品并不一定是件好事。

最后是卓越。

我们都知道那些声称“追求卓越”的公司，但要实现卓越需要很长时间。

在商业中，首先使用产品比拥有最好的产品更有利可图。

一项关于公司绩效的主要研究将先驱公司（即推出某一特定产品的第一个版本的公司）与追随者公司（即复制和改进该产品的公司）进行了比较。

研究发现，先驱者的平均市场份额为29%，而追随者的市场份额不到一半，仅为13%——尽管他们的产品可能更好。

在我们所做的每件事上坚持卓越，既耗时又浪费能源，还会导致失去机会。

有时，二流的工作比优秀更有价值。

“确保它是优秀的”听起来是一个很好的商业方法，但“刚刚开始”的方法可能更成功。f

三、Four business values听力问题：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Four business values

Many business values can result in.

Senior managers need to understand and deal with the potential that may result.

Collaboration

During a training course,the speaker was in a team that had to build a.

Other teams experienced from trying to collaborate.

The speaker's team won because they reduced collaboration.

Sales of a were poor because of collaboration.

Industriousness

Hard work may be a bad use of various company.

The word'lazy'in this context refers to people who aviod doing tasks that are.

Creativity

An advertising campaign for a was memorable but failed to boost sales.

Creativity should be used as a reponse to a particular.

Excellence According to one study,on average,pioneers had a that was far higher than that of followers.

Companies that always aim at excellence may miss opportunies.

四、Four business values听力答案：

31.damage

32.side effects

33.bridge

34.confusion

35.smartphone

36.resources

37.unnecessary

38.chocolate bar

39.problem

40.market share

五、Four business values听力答案解析

31.词性判断：名词。定位词：result in。根据定位词可以知道答案为某种结果。定位到原句they can actually cause(与原文result in呼应)damage。答案为damage。

32.词性判断：名词。定位词senior managers,understand,deal with。由senior managers定位到Business leaders…。后面由but引导的句子要尤其注意。If those leaders adopt values without understanding and managing(与deal with相呼应)the side effects。答案为side effects。

33.词性：名词。定位词：小标题collaboration,training course,build。根据小标题初步定位原文so the first value I’m going to discuss is collaboration。后文中提及training course，build替换为construct。答案为bridge。

34.词性：名词。定位词：other teams。定位到原文：The other teams tried to collaborate on building the structure,and descended into(experienced)confusion。

35.词性：名词。定位词：sales。由Teamwork can also lead to…引导得知后面是第二个重点。In the case of(就……而言)a smartphone…得知答案为smartphone。

36.词性：名词。定位词：industriousness,hard work。定位到原文of course hard work is valuable,but only(强调)when properly targeted.Otherwise(否则，与题干中的a bad use呼应)it wastes the resources…答案为resources。

37.词性：形容词。定位词：lazy,tasks。Here lazy means having a rational determination not to(呼应avoid doing)carry out unnecessary tasks.答案为unnecessary。

38.词性：名词。定位词：creativity,advertising campaign。定位原句：Some advertising campaigns are remembered for their creativity,without having any effect on sales.This happened a few years ago with the launch of a chocolate bar…plenty of customers remembered the adverts,but had no idea(呼应题干)。答案为chocolate bar。

39.词性：名词。定位词：creativity,particular。定位原句creativity needs to be targeted to(呼应be used as)solve problem that…答案为problem。

40.词性：名词。定位词：study,pioneers。定位原句the study found that the pioneers commanded(掌控)an average market share(市场份额)of 29 percent….答案为market share。

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