托福tpo63听力conversation2 hearing and read the ancient text

托福tpo63听力conversation2 hearing and read the ancient text，那么接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

hearing and read the ancient text托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、hearing and read the ancient text托福听力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in an ancient history class.The professor has been discussing the Sumerians and the Arcadians,two ancient peoples from an area that is in modern day Iraq.

Professor:So far,we've been focusing on the written record of the Sumerians and the Arcadians,like the cuneiform inscriptions we saw in those slides last week to see how historians work with archaeologists and linguists to put together the pieces of the puzzle.What do these ancient symbols mean?What do they tell us about ancient peoples?We've seen how these ancient texts shed light on social institutions,such as legal systems,like code or practical aspects of everyday life,such as farming and irrigation methods,as well as religious and artistic texts.

Now we'll be discussing ancient texts when we move to Egypt to see how the hieroglyphics,the Egyptians first weighting system reveal to us the foundations of their civilization.But before we leave Arcadians,I want to take a minute to let you hear what some of their texts sounded like in the original language,which obviously is no longer spoken,or at least what linguists think it sounded like.Now this is based on somewhat speculative and fairly recent research,but it should give you some idea of what the ancient language sounded like.OK.So I bought this really interesting tape.It's a recording of Arcadians texts,mostly fragments of myths and poetry,but also practical topics like a but let's see,the first reading is okay.This one's about agriculture.It’s actually from a four-thousand-year-old farmers manual with advice on growing barley.And then yes,George,but did you have a question?

George:I uh,I was just wondering,um,I mean,It's really cool that you guys have figured out what it sounds like and all,but I don't get why,why would you all care so much about a language nobody speaks anymore?It's not like you have to learn how to say,oh,I don't know.Uh,which way to the airport?

Professor:Okay,George,I see where you're going with that.And that's a really good question,especially since that selection from the farmers manual is probably not the best example of why all this should interest you.Of course,I'm fascinated,but then that's my profession.I guess the more important reason has to do with our appreciation of ancient literature,the myths and poetry.Now,that's something that really is important to hear,as well as read since,well,for the Arcadians,as for most early civilizations,the literature was mainly an oral tradition.You have to understand that back then,writing like engraving into stone was an expensive and laborious process.With no formal system of education,most people were illiterate.In fact,the few people who could read and write the professional scribes formed a separate class.Well,ancient peoples nevertheless had literature,but it was an oral literature,a spoken body of legends,myths,poems,which were occasionally written down,but mostly memorized and passed down from generation to generation.

So OK,let's go to the recording of part of the story of Gilgamesh.Now,this is one of the oldest myths ever told.While this story was meant to be re cited aloud even chanted or sung.So to appreciate how Arcadians experienced the legend,we should really hear it not just look at the translation.And then right after that,there are some poems now,most poets even today craft their poetry,thinking about how it sounds to their readers,the rhymes,the rhythms of the language,that kind of thing,so that even if you're just reading it on the page,you're still hearing it in your head.Right?So George,you’re right,the part of the tape about laws and practical stuff,that probably wouldn't be much interest anyone but a specialist,but I hope I've convinced you that to appreciate ancient literature,you really need to know what it sounded like.Now,this is someone outside the scope of this class,but I know several of you are studying ancient languages and literature.So this could even be a topic for a research paper.Okay.Here let me first read to you in English,of course,the part you're gonna hear this is from the end of the story were Gilgamesh,the hero is offered the chance to become immortal,but then loses that opportunity.So he weeps and says,for whom have I labored?For whom have I journeyed?For whom have I suffered?I have gained absolutely nothing for myself.You hear that repetition of for whom this really brings home the character sadness,and by contrast emphasizes that nothing in the next line.Now,the English translation does preserve the repetition of the original Akkadian words.But what about other types of aural effects,like repetition of a syllable or other sounds within a word,that kind of thing gets lost when you translate into a modern language.

二、hearing and read the ancient text托福听力中文翻译：

听一节古代历史课上的讲座。这位教授一直在讨论苏美尔人和阿卡迪亚人，这两个来自现代伊拉克地区的古老民族。

教授：到目前为止，我们一直专注于苏美尔人和阿卡迪亚人的书面记录，比如上周我们在幻灯片中看到的楔形文字铭文，看看历史学家如何与考古学家和语言学家合作来拼凑拼图。这些古代符号是什么意思？他们告诉我们关于古代民族的什么？我们已经看到这些古代文献如何揭示社会制度，如法律制度，如法典或日常生活的实际方面，如农业和灌溉方法，以及宗教和艺术文本。

现在，当我们前往埃及时，我们将讨论古代文本，看看象形文字，即埃及人的第一个加权系统，是如何向我们揭示他们文明的基础的。但在我们离开阿卡迪亚之前，我想花一分钟时间让你们听听他们的一些文本在原始语言中听起来是什么样的，显然已经不再使用了，或者至少是语言学家认为它听起来是什么样子的。现在这是基于一些推测和最近的研究，但它应该能让你对古代语言的发音有一些了解。好的。所以我买了这盘非常有趣的磁带。这是一个阿卡迪亚文本的记录，大部分是神话和诗歌的片段，但也像一个实际的主题，但让我们看看，第一次阅读是可以的。这是关于农业的。事实上，这是一本有四千年历史的农民手册，里面有种植大麦的建议。然后是的，乔治，但你有问题吗？

乔治：我呃，我只是想知道，嗯，我的意思是，你们知道这听起来像什么真的很酷，但我不明白为什么，为什么你们都这么在乎一种没有人会说的语言？这并不是说你必须学会说，哦，我不知道。呃，去机场怎么走？

教授：好的，乔治，我明白你的意思了。这是一个非常好的问题，特别是因为从农民手册中选择的内容可能不是你为什么会对这一切感兴趣的最好例子。当然，我很着迷，但那是我的职业。我想更重要的原因与我们对古代文学、神话和诗歌的欣赏有关。现在，这真的是一件很重要的事情，因为对于阿卡迪亚人和大多数早期文明来说，文学主要是口头传统。你必须明白，在那个时候，像雕刻石头一样书写是一个昂贵而费力的过程。由于没有正规的教育体系，大多数人都是文盲。事实上，少数能够读写专业抄写员的人组成了一个单独的班级。尽管如此，古人还是有文学，但它是一种口头文学，是传说、神话、诗歌的口语体，偶尔会被记录下来，但大多是被记住并代代相传的。

好吧，让我们来录制吉尔伽美什故事的一部分。现在，这是有史以来最古老的神话之一。虽然这个故事是为了被大声引用，甚至被吟唱或歌唱。因此，为了欣赏阿卡迪亚人是如何经历这个传说的，我们应该真正听到它，而不仅仅是看它的翻译。然后就在那之后，现在有一些诗歌，大多数诗人甚至今天都在创作他们的诗歌，思考它对读者的声音、韵律、语言的节奏等等，所以即使你只是在页面上阅读，你仍然能在脑海中听到它。正当乔治，你说得对，磁带中关于法律和实际问题的部分，除了专家之外，可能不会引起任何人的兴趣，但我希望我已经说服你，要欣赏古代文学，你真的需要知道它听起来像什么。现在，这是本课程范围之外的人，但我知道你们中有几个人正在学习古代语言和文学。所以这甚至可以成为一篇研究论文的主题。好的。让我先用英语给你读，当然，你会听到这个故事结尾的部分是吉尔伽美什，主人公有机会成为不朽的，但后来失去了这个机会。于是他哭着说，我为谁劳苦？我为谁旅行？我为谁受苦？我对自己一无所获。你听到的重复，这真的为谁带来了角色的悲伤，相比之下，强调在下一行什么也没有。现在，英语翻译确实保留了阿卡迪亚语原词的重复。但是其他类型的听觉效果呢，比如在单词中重复音节或其他声音，当你翻译成现代语言时，这种效果就会消失。

三、hearing and read the ancient text托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To compare two ancient civilizations

B.To suggest topics for the students'next research paper

C.To show the importance of hearing an ancient text read aloud

D.To explain how linguists determine the correct pronunciation of ancient languages

Q2:According to the professor,what have previous classes concentrated on?

A.Recent discoveries about Sumerian agriculture

B.The influence of Sumerian culture on ancient Egypt

C.The written records of the ancient Akkadians

D.Akkadian buildings that have been preserved

Q3:Why does the professor say that the recording of the farming advice was NOT a good example?

A.She does not find the farming advice interesting.

B.The words on the tape were not pronounced accurately.

C.The farming advice is not typical of Akkadian agricultural techniques.

D.A literary example would be more appropriate than an agricultural example.

Q4:Why does the professor mention the fact that few Akkadians knew how to read or write?

A.To emphasize the importance of the oral tradition in ancient literature

B.To emphasize the necessity for scribes in Akkadian society

C.To explain why linguists are not sure what Akkadian poetry sounded like

D.To explain why few examples of Akkadian literature exist today

Q5:Why does the professor read an excerpt from the epic of Gilgamesh to the class?

A.To show that modern literature is meant to be read aloud

B.To show the effect of repeated words on a listener

C.To compare a historical character to a mythical character

D.To compare two translations of the same myth

四、hearing and read the ancient text托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：D

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：B

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