Software Development托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Software Development托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Software Development托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a computer science class.The professor is discussing software engineering.MALE PROFESSOR We've been talking about the software development cycle,and today I'd like to move on to the next stage of that cycle?testing?and why finding bugs during testing is actually a great thing.Ah,uh,th-the quality of a software product often relies heavily on how well it's been tested.Liz?FEMALE STUDENT Um,just a quick thing."Bugs"is the word for problems in the program code,correct?MALE PROFESSOR Yeah,in code or in a computer itself.There's-there;s a bit of a story behind that term.Um,back in the 1940s,when the computer industry was just starting,a group of computer scientists was working late one night,and there was a problem in one of the computer's circuits.When they examined it,they found a five-centimeter-long moth caught in there.Once they"debugged"the computer,it worked just fine.And ever since then,all kinds of computer problems have been known as"bugs"?Anyway,you want to find bugs while the software's still in the development and testing phases.Finding them when the software product has already been put on the market can be quite embarrassing.Generally speaking,every software development project has a group of testers and a group of developers.Jake?MALE STUDENT And they're different people?MALE PROFESSOR They're generally completely different groups of people.My personal opinion is that they have to be different groups of people because developers often have a bias toward their own work.And it blinds them to certain problems that might be obvious to somebody else.So it's always good to have a different set of eyes go in there and make sure that everything's tested properly.OK,now here's the key...developers and testers have different mentalities.The mentality of the software developer is constructive...creative.They're spending long hours working together to create and build something new.A software tester,on the other hand,their entire goal is to look at this product and find problems with it,to improve it.Now this difference between the testers and the developers can lead to an environment where there's a bit of friction.And that friction sometimes makes it difficult for the two teams to work together.Um,there were two projects that I worked on a couple of years ago.One,which I'll call Project Split...where the testing and development teams did not work well together.And the other I'll call Project Unity?during which both teams worked very well together.Now during Project Split,we had defect meetings where the developers and the testers met together,um,uh,to discuss various problems and how they should be fixed.And you could sense the conflict just by walking into the room.Literally—the testers and the developers sat on opposite sides of the table.Um,an-and the developers were very defensive about the feedback.MALE STUDENT Well,if bugs are being pointed out they wouldn't be too happy,since it's their work.MALE PROFESSOR Exactly.Now'cause the two teams weren't working well together,the fixes were coming very,very slowly.And you know,a lot of times when you fix bugs you introduce new bugs?or you discover bugs in other areas that only come to light because something's been changed.So fixing all those new additional bugs was also being delayed.Um,the test process went on much longer than expected and we ended up having to put the product on the market with known bugs in it,which was obviously not ideal.FEMALE STUDENT OK,and what about Project Unity?How was it different?MALE PROFESSOR Um,this was different because the two teams worked closely together.During the defect meetings,instead of putting up walls,um,we didn't even talk about,you know,who should fix this,who was at fault.We all acknowledged what needed to be fixed.

So,if we had ten bugs,we said,"Hey,you know what,let's do this one first because this will expose another whole bunch of defects that we haven't even seen yet."So we were being proactive and effective.And because we were so much more effective with our time,we were actually able to do more than just fix bugs?we even put in some improvements that we hadn't planned.

二、Software Development托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在计算机科学课上听一节课的一部分。教授正在讨论软件工程。男教授，我们一直在谈论软件开发周期，今天我想进入该周期的下一个阶段？测试？以及为什么在测试过程中发现bug实际上是一件好事。啊，呃，软件产品的质量通常在很大程度上取决于它的测试情况。莉兹？女学生，嗯，很快。“Bugs”是指程序代码中的问题，对吗？男教授是的，在代码或计算机本身方面。有，有；这个词背后有一个故事。嗯，早在20世纪40年代，当计算机工业刚刚起步时，一群计算机科学家一天晚上工作到很晚，计算机的一个电路出现了问题。当他们检查时，他们发现一只五厘米长的蛾被困在里面。一旦他们“调试”了电脑，它就工作得很好。从那以后，各种各样的计算机问题都被称为“bug”？无论如何，您希望在软件仍处于开发和测试阶段时发现bug。当软件产品已经投放市场时发现它们可能会非常尴尬。一般来说，每个软件开发项目都有一组测试人员和一组开发人员。满意的？男生，他们是不同的人？男教授他们通常是完全不同的人群。我个人的观点是，他们必须是不同的群体，因为开发人员往往对自己的工作有偏见。它使他们看不到其他人可能看到的某些问题。所以，有一双不同的眼睛进去，确保所有东西都经过了正确的测试，这总是很好的。好的，现在这是钥匙。。。开发人员和测试人员有不同的心态。软件开发人员的心态是建设性的。。。创造性的他们花了很长时间在一起创造和建造新的东西。另一方面，软件测试人员的全部目标是查看此产品并发现其问题，从而改进它。现在，测试人员和开发人员之间的这种差异可能会导致环境中存在一些摩擦。这种摩擦有时会使两个团队难以合作。嗯，几年前我做过两个项目。一个，我称之为项目拆分。。。测试和开发团队没有很好地协作。另一个我称之为“团结计划”？在这期间，两个团队合作得很好。现在在项目拆分期间，我们召开了缺陷会议，开发人员和测试人员一起讨论各种问题以及如何解决这些问题。你只要走进房间就能感觉到冲突。实际上，测试人员和开发人员坐在桌子的对面。嗯，安和开发人员对反馈非常谨慎。男生好吧，如果有人指出虫子，他们不会太高兴，因为这是他们的工作。正是男教授。现在，由于这两个团队合作得不好，修复工作进展非常非常缓慢。你知道，很多时候当你修复bug的时候，你会引入新的bug？或者你在其他领域发现了一些bug，这些bug只是因为某些地方发生了变化才暴露出来的。因此，修复所有这些新的附加bug也被推迟了。嗯，测试过程比预期的要长得多，我们最终不得不将产品投放市场，其中包含已知的缺陷，这显然是不理想的。女学生好的，那么统一计划呢？有什么不同？男教授嗯，这是不同的，因为两个团队紧密合作。在缺陷会议期间，我们没有搭建墙壁，我们甚至没有讨论，你知道，谁应该修复这个问题，谁是错的。我们都承认需要解决的问题。

所以，如果我们有十个bug，我们会说，“嘿，你知道吗，让我们先做这一个，因为这会暴露出我们还没有看到的另一大堆缺陷。”因此，我们积极主动，卓有成效。因为我们的工作效率大大提高，我们实际上能够做的不仅仅是修复bug？我们甚至做了一些我们没有计划的改进。

三、Software Development托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To describe some recent improvements in computer technology

B.To explain why so many software products have flaws when they are put on the market

C.To show that creating good software depends on people with distinct roles working well together

D.To discuss how the software development process has evolved since the time of early computers

Q2:2.According to the professor,where does the term“bug”used for computer problems come from?

A.It originated because of the similarity between computer viruses and real viruses.

B.It is based on an incident in which an insect interfered with the function of any early computer.

C.It was first used by early computer scientists who noticed small problems in programming code.

D.It was first used by developers who did not like testers identifying problems in their work.

Q3:3.What points does the professor make about software developers?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The work they do is mainly creative.

B.They enjoy the challenge of identifying problems to fix.

C.Their work is easier than the work of testers.

D.They are not always able to detect software problems.

Q4:4.What factor made work on Project Unity efficient?

A.No unplanned changes were made during defect meetings.

B.The teams focused on fixing only major problems.

C.The software developers were not defensive about problems detected by the testers.

D.Some of the software testers had previous experience as software developers.

Q5:5.How did the software product developed during Project Split differ from the product developed during Project Unity?

A.The Project Split product was released to the market in a shorter amount of time.

B.The Project Split product could be used in more types of computer systems.

C.The Project Split product cost less money to develop.

D.The Project Split product was of inferior quality.

Q6:6.When the professor discusses some work meeting attended by two teams,why does he say this:

A.To emphasize the fact that the two teams were in conflict with one another.

B.To make the point that testers are just as important as developers.

C.To indicate that the teams had different ideas about how to market the new software.

D.To emphasize the importance of meeting in the development process.

四、Software Development托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：AD

A4:正确答案：C

A5:正确答案：D

6:正确答案：A

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