Crocodile Vocalization托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Crocodile Vocalization托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Crocodile Vocalization托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,for today,let's look at a reptile—a predator—that hasn't evolved much in the last 70 million years.No discussion of reptiles would be complete without some mention of crocodiles.Now,we tend to think of crocodiles as uh,kind of solitary...hiding out in a swamp,kind of mysterious creatures... But we're finding out that they aren't as isolated as they seem.In fact,crocodiles interact with each other in a variety of ways. One way is with vocalizations...ya know,sounds generated by the animal.This is true of the whole crocodile family which includes crocodiles themselves,alligators,etc...

Take American alligators.If you were to go to a swamp during the breeding season,you'd hear a chorus of sounds.Deep grunts,hisses...These are sounds that male alligators make,and some of them are powerful enough to make the water vibrate. This sends a strong"go away"message to the other males,so the alligator can focus on sending other sound waves through the water...sound waves that you and I couldn't even hear since they're such low frequency.But they do reach the female alligator,who then goes to find,and mate with,the male.

Vocalization is,um,well,it's used for other reasons...like getting attention or dis—ah,letting others know that you're distressed. Ah,let's see...newborn crocodiles,or hatchlings,and their interactions with their mother.When they're born,croc-baby crocodiles have a sort of muffled cry while they're in their nest.Hatchlings are really vulnerable—especially to birds and small mammals—when they're born,but their mother,who's been keeping vigil nearby,hears their cry for help and carries them to safety...meaning,to water.

So,she takes them out of the nest,ah, um,all the eggs hatch at once,so she has about 40 newborns to look after.She takes about 15 out of the nest at a time,carrying them in her mouth to the nearby water. While she's taking one load of hatchlings,the others wait for her to come back,but do you think they're quiet about it?No way! They're clamoring for the mother's attention,sort of squeaking,and practically saying,"Don't forget about me!"

I heard some great examples of this on a television program on crocodiles last week...anyone catch it? It had a few interesting bits,but you know...uh,you have to be careful,think critically.Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their"experts."

MALE STUDENT:Excuse me.But um,does all that crying defeat the purpose?I mean,doesn't it...attract more predators?FEMALE PROFESSOR:Hmm,good question.I guess—well,I'm guessing that once the babies have the mother's attention,they're safe.She's never too far away,an-and I think—I mean,would you mess with a mother crocodile?So,after the mother transports all the youngsters,they still call to each other,and to their mother. This communication continues right through to adulthood.Crocodiles have about 18 different sounds that they can make. 

There's—uh,uh,you have deep grunting sounds,hisses,growls,squeaks,roars...So,there are many different sounds to interact or send messages.This is more typical of mammals than of reptiles...I mean,crocodiles'brains are the most developed of any reptile...in that sense,they're closer to mammals'brains than other reptiles'brains.And we know that mammals...ah,well dogs,for example...dogs vocalize many different sounds.Crocodiles have a similar level of,ah,vocal sophistication,if you will—which makes them unique among reptiles.

Another thing would be,ah,if a hatchling gets separated from the rest of its family.Once the others get far enough away,its survival instinct kicks in.It'll make a loud distress call,which its siblings answer...it calls again,and they continue calling back and forth until they all find each other again.Another thing,something that wasn't on that TV show I mentioned—ah,mother crocodiles lead their young from one area to another,like when they have to find a different source of water.Usually she'll lead them at night,when it's safer for them,moving ahead and then letting out calls of reassurance so that they'll follow her.Her voice helps give the babies the courage they need to leave the area and go someplace that's a more desirable home for them.

二、Crocodile Vocalization托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在生物课上听一部分讲座。

女教授：好的，今天，让我们来看一种爬行动物——一种在过去7000万年中没有太多进化的食肉动物。对爬行动物的讨论如果没有提到鳄鱼，就不算完整。现在，我们倾向于认为鳄鱼是，呃，一种孤独的……隐藏在沼泽中，一种神秘的生物；但我们发现他们并不像看上去那样孤立。事实上，鳄鱼之间的互动方式多种多样&nbsp；一种方法是发声…你知道，动物发出的声音。整个鳄鱼家族都是如此，包括鳄鱼本身、鳄鱼等。。。

以美洲短吻鳄为例。如果你在繁殖季节去沼泽地，你会听到一声合唱。深沉的呼噜声、嘶嘶声……这些都是雄性短吻鳄发出的声音，其中一些声音足以让水震动&nbsp；这向其他雄性发出了强烈的“走开”信息，所以短吻鳄可以专注于通过水中发送其他声波……声波频率很低，我们甚至听不到。但它们确实到达了雌性短吻鳄，然后雌性短吻鳄鱼去寻找雄性短吻鳄鱼并与其交配。

发声是，嗯，好吧，它被用于其他原因…比如引起注意或者让别人知道你很痛苦&nbsp；啊，让我们看看……新生的鳄鱼，或刚孵出的幼崽，以及它们与母亲的互动。当它们出生时，鳄鱼宝宝在巢中会发出一种低沉的叫声。刚孵出的幼崽真的很容易受到鸟类和小型哺乳动物的伤害，但它们的母亲一直在附近守夜，听到它们呼救的声音，把它们带到安全的地方……也就是说，带到水里。

所以，她把它们从巢里拿出来，啊；嗯，所有的卵一次孵化，所以她要照顾大约40个新生儿。她一次从巢中取出大约15只，用嘴把它们带到附近的水里&nbsp；当她带着一批幼崽时，其他人都在等她回来，但你认为他们对此保持沉默吗？不可能&nbsp；他们叫喊着要引起母亲的注意，有点吱吱作响，实际上是在说：“别忘了我！”

我上周在一个关于鳄鱼的电视节目中听到了一些很好的例子…有人抓住它吗&nbsp；它有一些有趣的地方，但你知道…嗯，你必须小心，批判性地思考。有时我不知道这些节目的“专家”在哪里

男学生：对不起。但是，嗯，所有的哭泣都违背了目的吗？我的意思是，它不吸引更多的捕食者吗？女教授：嗯，好问题。我猜，我猜，一旦婴儿得到母亲的注意，他们就安全了。她从来不会离得太远，安，我想，我的意思是，你会和鳄鱼妈妈乱搞吗？因此，在母亲运送所有的孩子后，他们仍然互相呼叫，也呼叫母亲&nbsp；这种交流一直持续到成年。鳄鱼可以发出大约18种不同的声音；

有，呃，呃，你有很深的呼噜声、嘶嘶声、咆哮声、尖叫声、咆哮……所以，有很多不同的声音可以交互或发送信息。这是哺乳动物比爬行动物更典型的…我的意思是，鳄鱼的大脑是所有爬行动物中最发达的…从这个意义上说，它们比其他爬行动物的大脑更接近哺乳动物的大脑。我们知道哺乳动物……啊，比如狗……狗会发出许多不同的声音。如果你愿意的话，鳄鱼也有类似的声音复杂程度，这使得它们在爬行动物中独一无二。

另一件事是，啊，如果一只幼崽与其他家庭成员分离。一旦其他人离得足够远，它的生存本能就会发挥作用。它会发出一个巨大的求救信号，它的兄弟姐妹会接电话……它再次呼叫，它们继续来回呼叫，直到再次找到彼此。另一件事，我提到的那个电视节目中没有的东西，啊，鳄鱼妈妈带着它们的幼崽从一个地方到另一个地方，就像当它们必须找到不同的水源时。通常情况下，她会在晚上带领他们，当他们更安全的时候，向前移动，然后发出保证电话，这样他们就会跟着她。她的声音帮助孩子们鼓起勇气离开这个地区，去一个对他们来说更理想的地方。

三、Crocodile Vocalization托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Factors that affect successful crocodile communication

B.Some reasons for crocodile vocalizations

C.Ways that newborn crocodiles learn to communicate

D.Reasons why crocodile vocalization is difficult to study

Q2:2.According to the professor,what are two functions of the sounds made by male alligators?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To frighten predators

B.To attract mates

C.To locate hatchlings

D.To threaten other males

Q3:3.Based on the discussion,what is one reason hatchlings make vocalizations to their mother while they are in the nest?

A.To reassure her that they are safe

B.To signal that they are ready to follow her

C.To make sure she does not forget them

D.To indicate that they need to be relocated to a larger nest

Q4:4.What is the professor's opinion about the television program that she mentions?

A.She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided.

B.She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.

C.She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles.

D.She is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication.

Q5:5.Why does the professor mention dogs?

A.To explain that mammals are more complex than reptiles

B.To point out that crocodiles can communicate with dogs

C.To give an example of mammals that care for their young

D.To emphasize that crocodiles have highly developed brains

Q6:6.What happens when a hatchling makes a distress call?

A.Its siblings answer back.

B.The mother repeats the call.

C.The rest of its family waits near water.

D.The mother calls to other adult crocodiles for assistance.

四、Crocodile Vocalization托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：BD

A3:正确答案：C

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：D

A6:正确答案：A

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