Handness in Sport剑桥雅思7听力-原文翻译及答案解析

一、Handness in Sport 听力原文：

My topic is handedness - whether in different sports it is better to be left- or right-sided or whether a more balanced approach is more successful.

I'm left-handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter Matthews.

He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I have to say almost put me off from reading further.

But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.

I think Matthews' findings will be beneficial, not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game.

Although most trainers know how important handedness is, at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists like Matthews can give, which I think is rather short-sighted because focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.

Anyway, back to the article.

Matthews found a German study which looked at what he called ‘mixed-handedness’, that is, the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.

It looked at mixed-handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.

Researchers examined a number of variables, e.g. type of instrument played, regularity of practice undertaken and length of time playing instrument...

and found the following: keyboard players had high levels of mixed-handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favoured one hand.

Also those who started younger were more mixed-handed.

Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes.

Apes get a large proportion of their food by ‘fishing’ ants from ant hills.

The studies show that apes, like humans, show handedness - though for them right- and left-handedness is about equal, whereas about 85% of humans are right-handed.

Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.

Matthews started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.

By the way, he uses ‘handcdncss’ to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands.

Anyway, his team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2,611 players and found that there were really three main types of laterality: mixed - you work equally well on both sides - both hand and eye;

single - you tend to favour one side but both hand and eye favour the same side;

and cross-laterality - a player's hands and eyes favour only one side but they are opposite sides.

Let's start with hockey.

Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed -this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions - it would be a drawback to have hand or eye favouring one side.

An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their single-handed counterparts.

Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis.

Here the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.

This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.

If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.

It means that they can only make corrections much later...

and often the damage has been done by then.

And moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements -gymnastics.

It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.

The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance - which is of course absolutely central to performance in this sport.

二、Handness in Sport 听力中文翻译：

我的主题是利手——在不同的运动中，左撇子更好——还是右撇子，或者更平衡的方法是否更成功。

我自己也是左撇子，当我碰巧开始阅读一位名叫彼得·马修斯（PeterMatthews）的运动心理学家的文章时，我发现自己与自己的生活没有任何关联。

他在文章的第一部分讨论了音乐中的用手习惯，而不是体育，我不得不说，这几乎使我无法进一步阅读。

但我很快就被他在许多不同运动中所做的大量观察和调查所打动，我相信他所说的话会引起我的兴趣。

我认为马修斯的研究结果将是有益的，不仅有助于运动员在弱队中发挥作用，而且有助于他们确定在特定比赛中使用的最合适策略。

虽然大多数培训师都知道惯用手有多么重要，但目前他们很不愿意利用马修斯等科学家所能提供的见解，我认为这是相当短视的，因为关注个人灵活性只是故事的一部分。

无论如何，回到文章上来。

马修斯发现了一项德国的研究，该研究考察了他所谓的“混合用手”，即平均使用左手和右手的能力。

该研究观察了40名音乐家在各种乐器上的双手混用情况。

研究人员检查了许多变量，例如演奏的乐器类型、练习的规律性和演奏乐器的时间长度。。。

研究发现：键盘手的混合手比例很高，而像大提琴手和小提琴手这样的弦乐手则非常喜欢单手。

而且，那些开始年轻的人更加混血。

马修斯还报道了猿类的惯用手研究。

类人猿通过在蚁丘上“捕鱼”蚂蚁来获取大部分食物。

研究表明，类人猿和人类一样，也有惯用手的倾向——尽管对它们来说是右手的——而左撇子的倾向大致相同，而大约85%的人类是右手的。

研究表明，类人猿总是用同一只手钓出的蚂蚁比用两只手钓出的蚂蚁多30%。

马修斯开始研究几种不同的运动，发现每种运动都有不同类型的利手。

顺便说一句，他用“handcdncss”来表示脚、眼睛和手的主导侧。

无论如何，他的团队测量了2611名球员的手、脚和眼睛，发现实际上有三种主要的偏侧：混合型-你在双方都表现得同样好-手和眼睛；

单身——你倾向于偏向一边，但双手和眼睛都偏向同一边；

和横向-球员的手和眼睛只偏向一侧，但它们是相反的。

让我们从曲棍球开始。

马修斯发现，最好是双手混用——这是因为曲棍球棒必须朝两个方向展开——手或眼偏向一侧是一个缺点。

一个有趣的发现是，混手曲棍球运动员比单手曲棍球运动员更自信。

网球等球拍运动的情况略有不同。

在这里，重要的是让主导的手和眼睛在一边。

这意味着在大部分动作发生的一侧有更大的视野。

如果球员是横向的，在大部分挥杆过程中，主眼看不到球拍。

这意味着他们只能在很久以后进行更正。。。

通常到那时，损害已经造成了。

并转向一种完全不同的运动类型，包括大型但精确的动作——体操。

人们发现，对手眼的偏爱是最好的。

这主要是因为它有助于平衡——这当然是这项运动表现的绝对核心。

三、Handness in Sport 听力问题：

Question 31-35

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

31.Anita first felt the Matthews article was of value when she realized

A. how it would help her difficulties with left-handedness.

B. the relevance of connections he made with music.

C. the impressive size of his research project.

32.Anita feels that the findings on handedness will be of value in

A. helping sportspeople identify their weaknesses.

B. aiding sportspeople as they plan tactics for each game.

C. developing suitable training programmes for sportspeople.

33.Anita feels that most sports coaches

A. know nothing about the influence of handedness.

B. focus on the wrong aspects of performance.

C. underestimate what science has to offer sport.

34.A German study showed there was greater 'mixed handedness' in musicians who

A. started playing instruments in early youth.

B. play a string instrument such as the violin.

C. practise a great deal on their instrument.

35.Studies on ape behaviour show that

A. apes which always use the same hand to get food are most successful.

B. apes have the same proportion of left- and right-handers as humans.

C. more apes are left-handed than right-handed.

Question 36-40

Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Sport

Best laterality

Comments

Hockey

mixed laterality

? hockey stick has to be used in

? mixed-handed players found to be much more 　　　　 than others

Tennis

single laterality

? gives a larger relevant field of

? cross-lateral players make 　too late

Gymnastics

cross laterality

? gymnasts’  is important for performances

四、Handness in Sport 听力答案：

31.C

32.B

33.C

34.A

35.A

36.2 directions

37.confident

38.vision

39.corrections

40.balance

五、Handness in Sport 听力答案解析

31. C　通过题干分析，第 31 题考生需要锁定的信息是这个做课堂陈述的女生从什么时候开始意识到马修的文章有价值。录音中女生介绍说的 But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports... 对应选项信息 the impressive size of his research project.，确定答案为 C。

32. B　通过题干分析，第 32 题考生需要锁定的信息是女生认为这个左右手用手习惯的研究发现对哪方面有价值。当录音中女生介绍说的 ...not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game. 对应选项信息 aiding sportspeople as they plan tactics for each game.，确定答案为 B。

33. C　通过题干分析，第 33 题考生需要锁定的信息是女生认为大多数教练是……。在录音中，女生介绍说 Although most trainers know how important handedness is...，trainers 对应的是试卷上的 coach，考生要意识到答案即将出现。女生接着介绍说 ...at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists like Matthews can give...，对应选项信息 underestimate what science has to offer sport.，确定答案为 C。

34. A　通过题干分析，第 34 题考生需要锁定的信息是一个德国的实验发现在什么情况下音乐家有左右手混用的趋向。录音中女生介绍说 Matthews found a German study... 时，考生应该意识到第 34 题的答案即将出现。接着女生介绍了演奏不同乐器的人对左右手的喜好，最后总结说 Also those who started younger were more mixed-handed.，对应选项信息 started playing instruments in early youth.，确定答案为 A。

35. A　通过题干分析，第 35 题考生需要锁定的信息是“猿行为的研究表明……”当录音中女生介绍说 Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes. 时，考生要意识到答案即将出现。 女生接着介绍说 Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.对应选项信息 ...apes which always use the same hand to get food are most successful，确定答案为 A。

36. 2 directions　通过对试卷已给出的信息进行分析，第 36 题应填写一个名词。录音中女生介绍说 Let’s start with hockey. 时，考生应意识到答案即将出现，...this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions...，对应试卷上此题左右信息，答案为 2 directions。注意本题的答案要求 ONE WORD AND / OR A NUMBER，如果答案写成 two directions，不能满足字数要求，所以必须写成 2 directions。

37. confident　通过对试卷已给出的信息进行分析，第 37 题应填写一个多音节的形容词，因为前面的信息是 much more...，录音中女生介绍说 An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players are significantly more confident than their single-handed counterparts.。significantly 对应试卷上的 much，答案确定为 confident。

38. vision　通过对试卷已给出的信息进行分析，第 38 题填写的应为一个名词。当录音中女生介绍说 Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis 时，考生应意识到第 38 题的答案即将出现。接着女生介绍说 This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.。bigger area of 对应试卷上的 larger relevant field of，答案确定为 vision。

39. corrections　通过对试卷已给出的信息进行分析，第 39 题填写的应为一个名词，当录音中女生介绍说 If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing. It means that they can only make corrections much later...，对应试卷上此题前后信息，答案确定为 corrections。

40. balance　通过对试卷已给出的信息进行分析，第 40 题填写的应为一个名词。当录音中女生介绍说 moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements — gymnastics.，考生应意识到第 40 题的答案即将出现。女生接着介绍说： It’s been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best. The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance — which is of course absolutely central to performance in this sport.。central 对应 important，答案确定为 balance。

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