托福tpo55听力lecture1 First Public Art Museum

2023-06-27 13:49:14 来源：中国教育在线

托福tpo55听力lecture1 First Public Art Museum，那么接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

First Public Art Museum托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、First Public Art Museum托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. 

MALE PROFESSOR:OK,so we’ve all heard of the Louvre,right?Maybe the most famous art museum in Paris,France?In 1793 the Louvre was the first museum to open its doors to the public.Up till then,there were lots of private museums…private collections in the homes of Europe’s royalty and nobility…but only a select few were invited to see those works of art.The idea of a public museum was,in essence,a new one.

Now,when the Louvre opened as a public museum,it was free to all artists every day of the week.But to those who were not artists—y’know,the rest of the general public?Well,they were only allowed to visit the museum on certain days.And that’s because the public museum was first seen as a teaching institution—a place where past artistic achievements would be available to current artists to learn from. 

OK,so you see the first step was taken—from museums that were just private institutions owned by royalty…to the Louvre,a museum open to the public—with some restrictions.But then there was another shift…and that was brought about by a French painter named Alexandre Lenoir.Lenoir was a young and enthusiastic artist who’d been assigned to be the supervisor of a storehouse for artworks in 1791.

Y’see,the French Revolution was taking place at that time,and many national monuments and other works of art were getting damaged or destroyed.Consequently,a couple of large buildings in Paris were dedicated as storehouses for rescued artworks.Five years later,in 1796,Lenoir did something unique with the art in his storehouse—something never done before:he classified and displayed the paintings and statues by period and style.

So people began to notice—and admire—what Lenoir was doing.And soon,he transformed his storehouse into what would become the National Museum of French Monuments,which would later become a branch of the very Louvre that started this whole discussion.And,uh,what’s even more notable is that,Lenoir’s system of classification and display—it became a model for other public art museums…with each room in the museum representing a different century or period of art.Lenoir’s belief that a museum should be concerned with public instruction and offer education according to historical periods—this concept seems obvious now,but it was groundbreaking back then.

Interestingly,though,not everyone was,uhh…impressed with Lenoir…or with museums in general,for that matter.There were people—including some artists and historians—who were as much against museums as Lenoir was for them.In fact,some argued that museums would pretty much bring an end to art.They contended that works of art removed from their original context were…incomplete—that artworks ought to remain in the places…the mountains,towns,uhh…in the locations where they were originally created and viewed.

Take a painting created in an Italian seaside village,for example.Could that painting maintain its same identity once it was moved to a museum in France?Nowadays,most of us know and appreciate the fact that we can go to a museum and see many works of art from different time periods,artists,and countries.The fact that anyone can go into one place and see works of distant cultures,enjoy their beauty,and even find inspiration in them benefits us all.The Louvre clearly embraces this concept.But there are still some skeptics,people today who are just as skeptical of art museums as the critics were back in Lenoir’s day…and for all the same reasons.

二、First Public Art Museum托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在艺术史课上听讲座的一部分；

男教授：好吧，我们都听说过卢浮宫，对吧？也许是法国巴黎最著名的艺术博物馆？1793年，卢浮宫是第一个向公众开放的博物馆。在那之前，有很多私人博物馆……欧洲皇室和贵族的私人收藏……但只有少数人被邀请参观这些艺术作品。公共博物馆的概念本质上是一个新概念。

现在，当卢浮宫作为一个公共博物馆开放时，所有艺术家每天都可以免费参观。但是对于那些不是艺术家的人，你知道，其他的公众呢？嗯，他们只允许在特定的日子参观博物馆。这是因为公共博物馆最初被视为一个教学机构，一个过去的艺术成就可以供当代艺术家学习的地方；

好吧，所以你看，第一步是从皇室所有的私人机构博物馆到卢浮宫，一个对公众开放的博物馆，有一些限制。但后来又发生了另一个变化……这是由一位名叫亚历山大·勒诺尔的法国画家引起的。Lenoir是一位年轻热情的艺术家，1791年被任命为艺术品仓库的主管。

你看，当时正在进行法国大革命，许多国家纪念碑和其他艺术品遭到破坏或毁坏。因此，巴黎的几座大型建筑被用作抢救艺术品的仓库。五年后，即1796年，勒诺瓦在他的库房里对艺术做了一件前所未有的事：他按时期和风格对绘画和雕像进行分类和展示。

因此，人们开始注意并钦佩勒诺尔的所作所为。不久，他将自己的仓库改造成了法国纪念碑国家博物馆，后来成为卢浮宫的一个分支，开始了整个讨论。更值得注意的是，Lenoir的分类和展示系统成为了其他公共艺术博物馆的典范……博物馆中的每个房间都代表着不同的世纪或艺术时期。Lenoir认为博物馆应该关注公共教育，并根据历史时期提供教育，这一概念现在似乎很明显，但那是开创性的。

然而有趣的是，并不是每个人都对Lenoir印象深刻，或者对博物馆印象深刻。有些人，包括一些艺术家和历史学家，他们和勒诺一样反对博物馆。事实上，一些人认为博物馆将在很大程度上结束艺术。他们认为，从原始环境中移除的艺术作品是……不完整的，艺术作品应该留在原来创作和观看的地方……山脉、城镇，呃。

以一幅在意大利海滨村庄创作的绘画为例。那幅画搬到法国博物馆后能保持原来的身份吗？如今，我们大多数人都知道并欣赏这样一个事实：我们可以去博物馆，看到来自不同时期、艺术家和国家的许多艺术品。任何人都可以到一个地方去看遥远文化的作品，欣赏它们的美丽，甚至从中找到灵感，这对我们大家都有好处。卢浮宫显然包含了这一概念。但仍有一些怀疑者，今天的人们对艺术博物馆持怀疑态度，就像勒诺尔时代的评论家一样……出于同样的原因。

三、First Public Art Museum托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The influence of private art galleries on public museums

B.The role of art museums as teaching institutions for artists

C.The debate about the Louvre’s opening to the public

D.The early history of the public art museum

Q2:Why does the professor mention that artists were allowed to visit the Louvre every day?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To point out that the public museum was conceived as a place for studying

B.To indicate that all citizens were able to visit the museum whenever they wanted

C.To question why certain artists did not spend time at the Louvre

D.To contrast the accessibility of art in the Louvre with that of art in private museums

Q3:Why does the professor mention the French Revolution?

A.To name an event depicted in Alexandre Lenoir’s artwork

B.To identify the theme of an exhibit room in the Louvre

C.To explain why art storehouses were created

D.To help explain some people’s attitude toward public museums

Q4:According to the professor,what major contribution did Alexandre Lenoir make to the art community?

A.He donated many original paintings to public museums.

B.He developed a systematic way of exhibiting art in museums.

C.He invented a unique way to restore damaged artwork.

D.He designed a national monument in post-Revolution France.

Q5:The professor gives an example of a painting made in an Italian seaside village.According to the professor,what would some skeptics say about that painting?

A.It should not be exhibited unless it appeals to people from a variety of cultures.

B.It should not be moved out of the geographic area in which it was created.

C.It should be exhibited in the Louvre before traveling to any other museum.

D.It should always be grouped with similar paintings in a museum.

Q6.What opinion about public art museums does the professor express?

A.They focus too much on entertainment and not enough on education.

B.They are more important to artists than to the general public.

C.Their way of exhibiting artwork needs to be modernized.

D.They succeed in allowing varied works of art to be appreciated in a centralized location.

四、First Public Art Museum托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：AD