The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案

2023-06-29 14:00:49 来源：中国教育在线

The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案，今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福红Delta听力原文：

The bird’s bill is composed of a horny sheath over a bony core.The entire structure has evolved in numerous ways to the specialized needs of its owner.The bird’s bill is highly modified for a variety of activities—such as cutting and crushing seeds,probing tree crevices for insects,drinking nectar from flowers,catching fish,and so on.There’s a large variety in the diets of birds throughout the world.Different birds have evolved different bill types to assist in their feeding.What I mean is,the shape of the bird’s bill is specially adapted to specific foods.

A large number of birds are primarily seed eaters.These birds typically have stout,cone-shaped bills and strong jaw muscles for crushing seeds.The edible kernel of a seed is protected by a husk,or shell,which must be removed before the seed can be digested.The smaller finches,sparrows,and grosbeaks use their heavy conical bills to process seeds by removing the outer covering before swallowing them.Larger birds,such as pigeons and pheasants,swallow seeds whole and rely on grit in the gizzard to remove the husks and crush the seeds.

A wide variety of birds are nectar drinkers.These birds prefer the sweet liquid nectar of flowering plants.The coevolution of birds and flowers has led to specialization,in which the bird’s bill is adapted for the collection of nectar.The bill evolved so that it could reach the nectar at the bottom of a flower’s long tubular corolla.Birds who drink nectar have long,narrow bills and tongues with finely divided tips that form a brush.The tongues are very long,and the edges roll inwards to make a narrow scoop,so the bird can sort of lap up nectar,taking several licks every second.The tongue holds the nectar by capillary action—a physical force that causes fluids to rise in narrow tubes.The tongue moves in and out rapidly,carrying nectar up tiny grooves in the tongue,all the way to the mouth.

Hummingbirds can stick their long tongues out far beyond the tips of their bills.This enables them to reach the nectar at the base of flowers.But along with drinking nectar,hummingbirds will also grab any insect they meet.As they flit from flower to flower,they consume the flower’s nectar as well as insects and spiders that provide them with protein.

Birds that eat insects collect their food in a number of ways.The warblers have short,slender,tweezer-like bills,that they sort of use like tweezers to pick small insects off leaves and twigs.Plovers pluck insects from the soil with their short bills.Starlings have longer bills,which they push into the earth and force open to make a hole,and then look down the hole for insects.

The insect eater’s tongue—like the bill—is specialized to the bird’s diet.The tongue of some woodpeckers is long,sticky,and barbed,which makes it easier for the bird to catch its insect prey.Several species of woodpeckers use their bills as wedges to pry the bark off trees to reach the insects underneath and then lap them up with their long,sticky tongues.

二、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福红Delta听力中文翻译：

鸟喙由一个角质鞘覆盖在一个骨质核心上组成。整个结构以多种方式演变，以满足其所有者的特殊需求。鸟喙经过高度修饰，可用于多种活动，如切割和压碎种子、探测树缝中的昆虫、饮用花蜜、捕鱼等。全世界鸟类的饮食种类繁多。不同的鸟类进化出不同的喙型来帮助它们觅食。我的意思是，鸟喙的形状特别适合特定的食物。

许多鸟类主要以吃种子为食。这些鸟通常有结实的锥形喙和强壮的下巴肌肉来压碎种子。种子的可食用内核由外壳保护，外壳必须在种子被消化之前去除。较小的雀类、麻雀和大嘴雀在吞食种子之前，通过去除外壳，利用它们沉重的锥形喙来加工种子。体型较大的鸟类，如鸽子和野鸡，会将种子整个吞下，并依靠砂囊中的砂砾除去外壳并压碎种子。

各种各样的鸟都喜欢喝花蜜。这些鸟更喜欢开花植物的甜液体花蜜。鸟类和花卉的共同进化导致了专门化，鸟类的喙被用来收集花蜜。喙的进化使得它能够到达花朵长管状花冠底部的花蜜。喝花蜜的鸟有又长又窄的喙和舌头，喙和舌头的尖端很细，形成刷子。舌头很长，边缘向内滚动形成一个狭窄的勺子，因此这种鸟可以舔食花蜜，每秒舔几次。舌头通过毛细管作用来保持花蜜，这是一种物理力，使液体在狭窄的管道中上升。舌头快速地进进出出，把花蜜带到舌头上的小凹槽里，一直送到嘴里。

蜂鸟可以把长长的舌头伸出远远超过喙尖的地方。这使它们能够到达花朵底部的花蜜。但除了喝花蜜，蜂鸟还会抓住它们遇到的任何昆虫。当它们从一朵花飞到另一朵花时，会消耗花蜜以及昆虫和蜘蛛提供的蛋白质。

以昆虫为食的鸟类以多种方式收集食物。莺有着短而细的镊子状喙，它们可以像镊子一样用喙从树叶和树枝上摘下小昆虫。旱獭用短喙从土壤中抓昆虫。椋鸟有更长的喙，它们把喙伸进土里，用力打开，然后在洞里寻找昆虫。

食虫者的舌头像喙一样专门用于鸟类的饮食。一些啄木鸟的舌头又长又粘，而且有倒刺，这使得它更容易捕捉昆虫的猎物。有几种啄木鸟用喙作为楔子，从树上撬下树皮，够到树下的昆虫，然后用它们又长又粘的舌头把它们舔起来。

三、The Relation Between Bird's Bill and Its Diet 托福红Delta听力问题：

Q1:What is the main idea of the talk?

A.Birds differ in appearance throughout the world.

B.The best diet for birds includes both seeds and insects.

C.The bird’s bill is specialized to its preferred diet.

D.Birds have a variety of interesting behaviors.Birds have a variety of interesting behaviors.

Q2:Select the bird that is most likely a seed eater.

Q3:Why does the professor say this:

A.To describe the nutritional benefits of flower nectar