Hernani托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Hernani托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Hernani 托福听力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

MALE PROFESSOR: So, um, in France, you have the French Academy, which was created to uphold standards of literary taste. It was a very conservative organization. It tried to keep things a, a certain way… resist change.

It dictated that French plays should be neoclassical in form. You know, have five acts, sophisticated language, et cetera. But try as it might, it couldn't stop change. French drama was changing, though the transition from neoclassical drama to romantic drama was itself pretty uh … dramatic.

Let's look at a play by Victor Hugo called Hernani—or, as the French would say, Hernani.Although Hugo was a truly brilliant writer of…ah, essays, poems, novels and plays, uh, his play Hernani isn't a great play in and of itself. It's got a really confusing, convoluted storyline… critics back then were unimpressed by it, though it's likely that their own feelings about how plays should be—neoclassical or romantic—affected their opinions about it.

But its premiere—in Paris, in 1830—was anything but ordinary. Hernani's opening night was probably one of the most important literary events in nineteenth-century France.

What happened was… OK. Hugo was a romanticist, right? He was part of a growing movement of—of young authors, and artists, who were rebelling against neoclassicism—against the conventions of neoclassicism. And, and what this meant, is that Hugo opposed the neoclassical unities that French theater had inherited from Greek drama. These unities were basically the unity of time, space, and action, meaning that the entire play consisted of just one main event, that was unfolding in just one specific place, usually in the course of one day.

And Hugo found this to be too constraining. He looked for inspiration in well…OK. Hugo is from the nineteenth century, but he looked to Shakespeare. Several centuries in the past—long before neoclassicism.

For example, in Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream, the play moves from indoors to outdoors, from the city to the forest and back again. So there was a kind of mobility in, in the use of space and…Well, in A Midsummer Night's Dream, of course the action in that play takes place on a single summer's night. But, in Shakespeare’s other plays, in Hamlet, for example, ah, time elapses, people travel, they go to other destinations and the action is not limited to one plot.

Hugo also opposed the neoclassical insistence on the separation of genres. For neoclassicists, a play could only be dramatic, and high art, or comic, light-hearted. And in either case, there was still a sense of decorum; characters might make jokes and get into silly situations, but they're still regular people, like not in disguise or anything. There-there's still a certain amount of restraint in a neoclassical comedy.

Again, earlier works by Shakespeare provided very different models, that Hugo found more appealing. Many of Shakespeare's plays, even the tragedies, contain scenes with ridiculous, outlandish characters, like clowns, so that many of the plays have both… qualities: A serious, dramatic side, and comedic scenes with the clowns that break the drama.

And Hugo, like other romantics, was also opposed to the artistic rules that the neo-classicists had inherited from the Enlightenment.The romantics wanted a more passionate kind of theater and it was more rooted in the individual and the individual sensibility.

Romanticism was political as well—claiming that individuals, people, could govern themselves… without the need for kings and queens. There was an ideological struggle, between a lot of young people, artists— people who wanted change—and, and people who didn't. So, of course Romanticism was controversial.

Now, Hernani was a play that incorporated these romantic conventions. Hugo suspected that neoclassical audiences would be hostile to this new form, and the ideas it represented. So to protect himself, he rounded up his friends for opening night. And hundreds of them came to the theater that night.

And Hugo writes about this arrival of the romantics, these wild and bizarre characters and their outlandish costumes, which stupefied and infuriated the more conventional theater-goers. So, the play that night took forever to finish because it was interrupted many times and there were these debates in the audience between Hugo's friends and supporters, the romantics, and the neoclassicists, the supporters of the old school. Lots of interruptions.

And afterward, what had been a debate inside the theater spilled out onto the street and there were fist fights… it was a complete free-for-all. And this went on for the next forty-five nights. Every night, ah, that the play was performed, there was this excitement and controversy that was, was really an expression of the kinds of passions that, ah, differences of aesthetics and political opinions, and tastes could give rise to.

二、Hernani 托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在文学课上听讲座的一部分。

男教授：那么，嗯，在法国，你有法国学院，它是为了维护文学品味的标准而创建的。这是一个非常保守的组织。它试图以某种方式保持事物……抵制变化。

它规定法国戏剧的形式应该是新古典主义。你知道，有五幕，复杂的语言等等。尽管如此，它还是无法阻止变化。法国戏剧正在发生变化，尽管从新古典主义戏剧到浪漫主义戏剧的转变本身就很有戏剧性。

让我们来看看维克托·雨果的一出戏，叫做赫尔纳尼，或者，正如法国人所说，赫尔纳尼。虽然雨果是一位真正杰出的作家，写过……啊，散文、诗歌、小说和戏剧，呃，他的戏剧《赫尔南尼》本身并不是一部伟大的戏剧。这部剧的故事情节令人困惑，错综复杂……当时的评论家对此并不感兴趣，尽管他们自己对戏剧应该是新古典主义还是浪漫主义的感受可能会影响他们对这部剧的看法。

但它于1830年在巴黎首映，一点也不平凡。赫尔纳尼的首映之夜可能是十九世纪法国最重要的文学事件之一。

所发生的一切……没关系。雨果是个浪漫主义者，对吧？他是日益壮大的年轻作家和艺术家运动的一部分，这些人反对新古典主义，反对新古典主义的传统。这意味着雨果反对法国戏剧从希腊戏剧中继承下来的新古典主义统一。这些统一基本上是时间、空间和行动的统一，这意味着整个戏剧只包括一个主要事件，通常在一天的时间内，只在一个特定的地方展开。

雨果发现这太拘谨了。他在井里寻找灵感……好的。雨果来自十九世纪，但他很喜欢莎士比亚。早在新古典主义之前的几个世纪。

例如，在莎士比亚的戏剧《仲夏夜之梦》中，该剧从室内到室外，从城市到森林，再从城市到森林。因此，在空间的使用上，以及……嗯，在仲夏夜的梦中，有一种流动性，当然，剧中的动作发生在一个夏夜。但是，在莎士比亚的其他戏剧中，比如《哈姆雷特》，啊，时间流逝，人们旅行，他们去其他目的地，而且动作不限于一个情节。

雨果还反对新古典主义对流派分离的坚持。对于新古典主义者来说，一部戏剧只能是戏剧化的、高艺术性的或喜剧性的、轻松的。无论哪种情况，都有一种礼貌感；角色可能会开玩笑，陷入愚蠢的境地，但他们仍然是普通人，喜欢不伪装或其他什么。新古典主义喜剧仍然有一定程度的限制。

同样，莎士比亚早期的作品提供了非常不同的模型，雨果发现这些模型更具吸引力。莎士比亚的许多戏剧，甚至悲剧，都包含滑稽、古怪的人物场景，比如小丑，因此许多戏剧兼具……特质：严肃、戏剧化的一面，以及小丑打破戏剧的喜剧场景。

雨果和其他浪漫主义者一样，也反对新古典主义者从启蒙运动中继承下来的艺术规则。浪漫主义者想要一种更有激情的戏剧，它更植根于个人和个人情感。

浪漫主义也是一种政治主义，主张个人、人民可以自我管理……而不需要国王和王后。在许多年轻人和艺术家之间，存在着一场意识形态斗争——他们想要改变，而那些不想改变的人。所以，浪漫主义当然是有争议的。

现在，赫尔纳尼是一部融合了这些浪漫传统的戏剧。雨果怀疑新古典主义的观众会对这种新形式及其所代表的思想怀有敌意。所以为了保护自己，他召集朋友参加开幕式。那天晚上，数百人来到剧院。

雨果写下了浪漫主义者的到来，这些狂野奇异的角色和他们古怪的服装，这让更传统的观众感到震惊和愤怒。因此，那场戏花了很长时间才结束，因为它被多次打断，观众中有雨果的朋友和支持者、浪漫主义者和新古典主义者、老派支持者之间的辩论。很多干扰。

随后，剧院内的一场辩论蔓延到了街上，发生了拳赛……这是一场完全免费的比赛。接下来的四十五个晚上都是这样。每天晚上，啊，演出这出戏时，都会有这种激动和争议，这实际上是一种激情的表达，啊，美学、政治观点和品味的差异可能会引起这种激情的表达。

三、Hernani 托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The influence of Hernani on later French plays

B. The way that Hernani challenged traditional guidelines for plays

C. The influence of Shakespeare on Victor Hugo's plays

D. The changing attitudes toward Victor Hugo's plays in the nineteenth century

Q2:2.What is the professor's opinion of the play Hernani?

A. It is too political.

B. It is not very creative.

C. It is not an artistic success.

D. It has been unjustly ignored.

Q3:3.What feature of A Midsummer Night's Dream is NOT consistent with neoclassical principles?

A. It has several main characters.

B. It uses sophisticated language.

C. It takes place in more than one location.

D. It takes place during a single night.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention clowns in plays by Shakespeare?

A. To point out that Shakespeare rebelled against neoclassicism

B. To reinforce the idea that neoclassical plays were sometimes comical

C. To introduce an aspect of Hernani that French critics objected to

D. To illustrate a characteristic of the plays that influenced Hugo

Q5:5.Why did Hugo invite his friends to the opening of Hernani?

A. To include people in the audience who understand his goals

B. To introduce them to a new and different kind of play

C. To try maintain a pleasant, comfortable atmosphere in the theater

D. To thank them for supporting his efforts as a playwright

Q6:6.What does the professor imply about the fights that occurred after performances of Hernani? [Click on 2 answers.]

A. They were partly due to a misunderstanding of Hugo's opinions.

B. They affected a general social conflict in France at the time.

C. They occurred because of deeply held literary opinions.

D. They prevented other writer from writing romantic plays.

四、Hernani 托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：C

A3:正确答案：C

A4:正确答案：D

A5:正确答案：A

A6:正确答案：BC

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