托福tpo56听力lecture1 Jackson Pollock

托福tpo56听力lecture1 Jackson Pollock,那么接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

Jackson Pollock托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Jackson Pollock托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. 

MALE PROFESSOR:OK,at the end of our last class I started to talk a little bit about a dominant movement in United States painting in the late 1940s and the 1950s.And I said that the artists involved shared a spirit of revolt against tradition and a belief in spontaneous freedom of expression.This significant art movement is known as Abstract Expressionism.

Now,Abstract Expressionism is kind of hard to define,but it-it’s basically an attempt by the artist to convey meaning or feeling in an abstract way.So,the artists didn’t worry about whether they were painting familiar subject matter,like the kinds of things you’d see in the world around you.They’d paint...well,abstract things,on,ah,a huge canvas—which itself was a break from traditional technique.And it was common among artists to apply the paint to the canvas very rapidly and with great force.So let’s look at the work of the most famous American Abstract Expressionist,Jackson Pollock.

There was nothing in Jackson Pollock’s training as an artist that suggested he would come to be seen as some sort of artistic revolutionary.In the 1930s he studied drawing and painting at the Art Students League,a popular art school in New York City.What he did later—in the 1940s—was a startling innovation.Jackson Pollock used a technique,the so called“pour and drip”technique,for which he is best known.He didn’t use the traditional easel—he laid his wall-size canvas flat on the floor,so he could move around it and work it from all sides.Then he poured and dripped his paint onto the canvas without touching it with a brush—just poured and dripped.

Now,the physical movements involved in Pollock’s painting technique have led people to call it“action painting,”which almost suggests that the process of creating the painting,physically,was at least as important as the end product itself.In fact,people used to watch him work in his studio,dripping and pouring paint and other materials onto his canvases.This could make you think of Pollock’s work as being kind of like,wild or chaotic,or random.But the truth is that Pollock was in complete control of his materials and his paintings.

Pollock’s pour and drip works were quite revolutionary,and at first they shocked the art world.Pollock used massive canvases.They seem more like portable murals than anything else.A good example of his technique is the painting“Autumn Rhythm,”which Pollock painted in 1950.

“Autumn Rhythm,”at first glance looks like basically,just a whole lot of squiggly lines;rather bizarre,just like a bunch of pointless drips and swirls.But if you look closely,you see why it’s so admired.

Beneath all the apparent chaos there’s really a very definite structure of lines,rhythms,and sensations that makes the whole piece work.Sheer randomness would not be nearly as visually appealing as this painting is.You need some structure,even if it’s not readily apparent.

I’ve read some articles by other scholars who’ve,in their discussion of Pollock,um,some of them like to point out that he painted his canvases while looking down at them,since they were on the ground,as I said,but when we go to a museum,they’re up on a wall.They think this is significant because it makes our perspective different.But I mean...well,think of photography.We’ve all seen photos of the sky,the ground...meaning that the photographer was shooting from different angles.Does that mean that we should put a photo of the sky,on the ceiling?Of course not.It wouldn’t matter if you’re looking at it on a wall or in a photo album on your lap.And I think it’s the same with Pollock.It doesn’t matter from which angle we view his paintings.It’s OK that he painted on the floor and we look at it on the wall.

But in spite of his work being shocking and even misunderstood at first,Pollock’s work became so influential in the development of Abstract Expressionism,that the artistic community started to shift its attention from Paris,which had been the center of the art world,to New York,where Pollock lived and worked.So Pollock’s breakthrough work helped move the focus of contemporary art,and that’s one of the measures of his greatness,really.

二、Jackson Pollock托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在艺术史课上听讲座的一部分；

男教授：好的，在我们最后一堂课结束的时候，我开始讲一点1940年代末和1950年代美国绘画的主导运动。我还说，参与其中的艺术家们都有反抗传统的精神，都相信自发的表达自由。这场重要的艺术运动被称为抽象表现主义。

抽象表现主义有点难以定义，但它基本上是艺术家试图以抽象的方式传达意义或感觉。所以，艺术家们并不担心他们是否在画熟悉的题材，比如你在周围的世界里看到的东西。他们会画……嗯，抽象的东西，在一张巨大的画布上，啊，这张画布本身就是与传统技术的一个突破。艺术家们通常会很快、用力地将颜料涂在画布上。让我们看看美国最著名的抽象表现主义者杰克逊·波洛克的作品。

杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）作为一名艺术家所接受的训练，并没有任何迹象表明他会被视为某种艺术革命者。20世纪30年代，他在纽约市一所受欢迎的艺术学校——艺术学生联盟学习绘画。他在20世纪40年代后期所做的是一项惊人的创新。杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）使用了一种技术，即所谓的“倒和滴”技术，这是他最著名的技术。他没有使用传统的画架，而是将墙壁大小的帆布平放在地板上，这样他就可以在画架周围移动，从四面八方进行操作。然后，他把颜料倒在画布上，滴了下来，没有用刚倒下来的刷子碰它。

现在，波洛克绘画技术中涉及的身体运动使人们将其称为“动作绘画”，这几乎表明，从身体上来说，绘画的创作过程至少与最终产品本身一样重要。事实上，人们过去常常看到他在画室里工作，把颜料和其他材料滴到画布上，然后倒在画布上。这可能会让你觉得波洛克的作品有点像，狂野、混乱或随机。但事实是，波洛克完全控制了他的材料和绘画。

波洛克的倾注式作品颇具革命性，起初它们震惊了艺术界。波洛克使用了大量的画布。它们看起来更像便携式壁画。波洛克于1950年创作的油画《秋天的节奏》就是一个很好的例子。

《秋韵》乍一看，基本上就像是一大堆曲折的线条；相当奇怪，就像一堆毫无意义的水滴和漩涡。但如果你仔细观察，你就会明白为什么它如此令人钦佩。

在所有明显的混乱之下，确实有一个非常明确的线条、节奏和感觉的结构，这使得整个作品都能发挥作用。纯粹的随机性不会像这幅画那样具有视觉吸引力。你需要一些结构，即使它不太明显。

我读过其他学者的一些文章，他们在讨论波洛克时，嗯，其中一些人喜欢指出，他在俯视画布的时候画画布，因为正如我所说的，画布在地上，但当我们去博物馆时，画布就在墙上。他们认为这很重要，因为这使我们的观点不同。但我的意思是……好吧，想想摄影。我们都看过天空、地面的照片……这意味着摄影师是从不同的角度拍摄的。这是否意味着我们应该在天花板上放一张天空的照片？当然不是。不管你是在墙上看还是在你大腿上的相册里看。我认为波洛克也是如此。我们从哪个角度看他的画并不重要。他在地板上画画，我们在墙上看，这没关系。

尽管波洛克的作品令人震惊，甚至一开始就被误解了，但他的作品在抽象表现主义的发展中影响如此之大，以至于艺术界开始将注意力从作为艺术世界中心的巴黎转移到波洛克居住和工作的纽约。因此，波洛克的突破性工作有助于转移当代艺术的焦点，这是衡量他伟大的标准之一，真的。

三、Jackson Pollock托福听力问题：

Q1:Why does the professor discuss Jackson Pollock?

A.To point out a common misconception about Abstract Expressionism

B.To help students understand the nature of Abstract Expressionism

C.To compare Pollock’s technique to that of other Abstract Expressionist painters

D.To defend Pollock and the Abstract Expressionists from criticism

Q2:What point does the professor make about Jackson Pollock’s training as an artist?

A.It motivated him to rebel against art he claimed was boring.

B.It contrasted with the type of art he later created.

C.It taught him how to paint using unconventional methods.

D.It was very different from the type of training most artists

Q3:What were two features of Jackson Pollock’s painting technique?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.He used walls as a painting surface.

B.He painted the canvas while it was on the floor.

C.He applied paint by pouring or dripping it.

D.He allowed visitors at his studio to help with the painting.

Q4:What is the professor’s attitude toward the term“action painting”?

A.He thinks it correctly describes Pollack’s painting technique.

B.He considers it less appropriate for Pollock than for other Abstract Expressionists.

C.He believes that it represents the sense of movement displayed in Pollock’s paintings.

D.He is pleased that contemporary critics rarely use the term.

Q5:What feature of Autumn Rhythm does the professor imply is representative of Pollock’s works?

A.It symbolizes the passage of time.

B.It reveals a lack of control over emotions.

C.It combines structure and the appearance of chaos.

D.It combines tradition and innovation.

Q6.Why does the professor discuss photography?

A.To emphasize how different it is from painting

B.To make a point about its increasing popularity in New York’s art world

C.To show the extent of Pollock’s influence

D.To support his argument about the way people look at Pollock’s paintings

四、Jackson Pollock托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：BC

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：C

A6:正确答案：D

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