Béla Bartók托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

Béla Bartók托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、Béla Bartók托福听力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.

MALE PROFESSOR:So I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on a composer's music...and initially I was surprised none of you chose to write about Béla Bartók–that is until I remembered we haven't had a chance to discuss him in class yet.He was a wonderful and groundbreaking composer.

Béla Bartók was a Hungarian whose life stretched from the late nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century,but he was not a fan of the Romantic style of music that was popular in his homeland during his youth.

FEMALE STUDENT:Wait,Hungary wasn't a country in 1900,was it?MALE PROFESSOR:You're right,I should've been clearer.Bartók was born in Austria-Hungary,a nation that broke apart when he was about forty years old—actually,the town where he was born is presently part of Romania. The political history of that region is complex;suffice it to say Bartók is generally known as a Hungarian composer.

So...during Bartok's youth,the music played in the concert halls of Austria–Hungary was dominated by romantic pieces by mostly German composers.We discussed the romantic style last week.These pieces were long and lyrical–they were meant to have a sort of...grandeur about them.

And in the early 1900s,composers who worked in the romantic style were the most popular in Austria–Hungary. But Bartok,he was part of a musical community that was trying to change this,and it led him to...well,the first thing it did was lead him to travel.He looked to the countryside for the music of the farmers and the people who lived in small towns.And their music...well,you could say he discovered the music that was popular in those areas.

MALE STUDENT:What do you mean?MALE PROFESSOR:Well...all the music we've been talking about the past few weeks,it really was all in the cities.That's where the composers and the orchestras were.Out in remote areas of the countryside,in rural locations,music was more traditional–the same songs that were enjoyed by previous generations.

Bartok went out,he traveled through a significant portion of eastern Europe actually,he roamed the countryside and listened to the music heard in small towns and at all sorts of celebrations.He attended weddings,dances,and religious ceremonies where he heard a very different sort of music than the romantic stuff being played in the concert halls in the cities.The music he heard is what we would consider"folk music."MALE STUDENT:And then he had those same songs played in the concert halls?MALE PROFESSOR:No.A first,he went around to document the folk music.He really wanted to make sure the folk songs were written down before they disappeared.In fact,Bartok didn't start out the trip thinking of himself as a composer. He was an ethnomusicologist—he studied the traditional music of the region.But it turns out that what would later have a notable influence on European music on the whole was the way Bartok used elements he heard in folk songs in his own compositions.

He adopted a number of elements from what he heard,like,unusual rhythms...and...he liked to use the glissando as his hallmark,which he probably got from listening to Croatian folk music.A glissando is...well,I've got a recording of Bartok here...let's wait until the music is fresh in our minds.Suzy,do you have something you want to ask first?

FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah,before you mentioned nationalism and–MALE PROFESSOR:Ah,right,yes.When Bartok had his new pieces performed,their folk music roots made them instantly popular.It happened to be a time of strong nationalism in Austria-Hungary,so his compositions came at just the right time.He became very successful there.Particularly,when Bartok's ballet The Wooden Prince opened,there was great excitement for music that included musical elements from local folk songs,music that reflected the region's musical traditions.However,as popular as Bartok was in his homeland,he did not get much international recognition during his lifetime.

二、Béla Bartók托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：听音乐历史课的一部分讲座。

男教授：我刚刚完成了你关于民族主义对作曲家音乐的影响的论文的审查……起初，我很惊讶你们中没有人选择写贝拉·巴托克——直到我记得我们还没有机会在课堂上讨论他。他是一位出色的、开创性的作曲家。

贝拉·巴托克是一名匈牙利人，他的生活从19世纪末一直延续到20世纪中叶，但他并不喜欢年轻时在家乡流行的浪漫主义音乐风格。

女学生：等等，匈牙利在1900年不是一个国家，是吗？男教授：你说得对，我应该更清楚一点。Bartók出生于奥地利-匈牙利，这个国家在他40岁左右的时候分裂了。实际上，他出生的小镇现在是罗马尼亚的一部分&nbsp；该地区的政治历史是复杂的；只要说巴托克是匈牙利作曲家就足够了。

所以…在巴托克年轻时，在奥地利-匈牙利音乐厅演奏的音乐主要是德国作曲家的浪漫作品。上周我们讨论了浪漫风格。这些作品既长又抒情——它们的目的是要有一种……宏伟。

20世纪初，浪漫主义风格的作曲家在奥地利-匈牙利最受欢迎&nbsp；但是巴托克，他是一个音乐社区的一员，这个社区试图改变这一点，这让他…嗯，他做的第一件事就是带领他旅行。他向乡村寻找农民和小城镇居民的音乐。他们的音乐…你可以说他发现了那些地区流行的音乐。

男学生：什么意思？男教授：嗯……过去几周我们谈论的所有音乐，都是在城市里。那是作曲家和管弦乐队所在的地方。在偏远的农村地区，在农村地区，音乐更为传统——与前几代人喜欢的歌曲相同。

巴托克出去了，他游历了东欧的大部分地区，他在乡村漫步，听小城镇和各种庆祝活动中听到的音乐。他参加了婚礼、舞会和宗教仪式，在那里他听到了与城市音乐厅演奏的浪漫音乐截然不同的音乐。他听到的音乐是我们认为的“民间音乐”。男学生：然后他在音乐厅演奏了同样的歌曲？男教授：没有。首先，他四处记录民间音乐。他真的想确保民歌在消失之前被记录下来。事实上，巴托克一开始并没有把自己当成作曲家&nbsp；他是一位民族音乐学家，研究该地区的传统音乐。但事实证明，后来对整个欧洲音乐产生显著影响的是巴托克在自己的作品中使用民歌元素的方式。

他从他听到的音乐中吸收了一些元素，比如不寻常的节奏……而且……他喜欢用格利桑多作为自己的标志，这可能是他听克罗地亚民间音乐时得到的。我这里有一张巴托克的录音…让我们等到音乐在我们脑海中重新出现。苏西，你有什么想先问的吗？

女学生：是的，在你提到民族主义之前，男教授：啊，对，是的。当巴托克的新作品被演奏时，他们的民间音乐根源使他们立即流行起来。这恰巧是奥匈帝国民族主义强烈的时期，所以他的作品来得正是时候。他在那里非常成功。特别是当巴托克的芭蕾舞《木王子》首演时，人们对包含当地民歌音乐元素的音乐非常兴奋，这些音乐反映了该地区的音乐传统。然而，尽管巴托克在他的祖国很受欢迎，但在他的一生中并没有得到多少国际认可。

三、Béla Bartók托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The influence of the Romantic style of music on eastern European composers

B.The relationship between nationalism and popular music in the early 1900s

C.The popularity of folk music in Austria-Hungary during the early 1900s

D.The influence of folk music on the compositions of one Hungarian composer

Q2:2.What does the professor imply about romantic music in Austria-Hungary in the early 1900s?

A.It was not as popular there as it was in other European countries.

B.It motivated Bartók to listen to other types of music.

C.It was listened to in the countryside more than it was in the cities.

D.Its popularity was due to the work of Bartók and other ethnomusicologists.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention local celebrations in the countryside?

A.To show how folk music influenced composers throughout Eastern Europe

B.To give an example of when performances of Bartók music took place

C.To give an example of occasions when Bartók had an opportunity to hear folk music

D.To talk about why romantic music was popular in the countryside

Q4:4.What was Bartók’soriginal goal when he started to travel through eastern Europe?

A.To promote his ballet,The Wooden Prince

B.To document the local popular music

C.To discover which musical elements were popular in all countries

D.To find unusual musical elements he could use in his own compositions

Q5:5.According to the professor,why was Bartók’s music popular in Austria-Hungary?

A.Bartók's music was considered more sophisticated than other concert-hall music.

B.Bartók's compositions incorporated music from the local culture.

C.People were familiar with the Romantic elements Bartók included in his music.

D.Bartók took advantage of the popularity of ballet there and wrote many new ballets.

Q6:6.What does the professor mean when he says this?

A.He wants to change the topic of discussion.

B.He wants to acknowledge that the students may not be familiar with Bart’k’s music.

C.He believes the students should already be familiar with the term‘glissando'.

D.He will use an example of glissando to help define the term.

四、Béla Bartók托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：D

A2:正确答案：B

A3:正确答案：C

A4:正确答案：B

A5:正确答案：B

A6:正确答案：D

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