用关键词提高托福阅读速度

很多同学都很关注用关键词提高托福阅读速度这个问题，那么接下来就跟着中国教育在线小编一起来看看吧，相信你通过以下的文章内容就会有更深入的了解。

托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。考生经常抱怨明明看懂了，为什么还是错的。要读懂一个段落我们只需要抓住几个关键词而已。那么关键词怎么抓呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢记只看主干!下面我们就以托福官方真题Official25中的文章TheDecline of Venetian Shipping为例，说说如何巧抓关键词。

官方真题Official25-2 The Decline ofVenetian Shipping：

Paragraph 2 this declinecan be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade.First，Venice’s intermediary functions in the AdriaticSea，where it had dominated the business of shippingfor other parties，were lost to direct trading. In thefifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row thegalleys (large ships propelled by oars)：guilds(business associations) were required to provide rowers，and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when calledfor. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not seriousbecause the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships(round-hulled ships with more cargo space)，withrequired fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater andgreater problem，despite continuous appeal to Venice’stradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among thenorthern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590，this did notelicit an increased supply.

以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first，but，this…我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。

接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affectedVenetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。

First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。Venice’s intermediary functionsin the Adriatic Sea，where it had dominated thebusiness of shipping for other parties，were lost todirect trading.我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’sfunctions were lost， 核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题decline.接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。

there was little problemrecruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers，and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily whencalled for.这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was littleproblem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not seriousbecause the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships(round-hulled ships with more cargo space)，withrequired fewer rowers.这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem.到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater problem.

刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福官方真题Official25为例：

官方真题Official25-1 The Surface ofMars

Paragraph 5 As on the Moon，the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to havebeen filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicatorfor the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years forMars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngestvolcanic areas were obtained in this way。

According to paragraph 5，what have scientists been able to determine from studies of largeimpact cratering on Mars?

A. Some Martian volcanoesare much older than was once thought。

B. The age of Mars’ssurface can vary from area to area。

C. Large impact cratersare not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。

D. Some areas of theMartian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如A和D选项中的比较，C中的否定词not和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择B，而B选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging fromfour billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million yearsin the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

根据以上分析，我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的选项可以迅速被排除。

以上，就是本文的全部内容分享，希望能给同学们带来参考，如果您还有用关键词提高托福阅读速度其他方面的疑问，欢迎随时在线咨询客服老师。

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