托福阅读中句子简化题要怎么突破逻辑关系之间要如何理解呢

雅思托福考试是全球最广泛使用的英语语言考试之一，被许多国家的大学、移民机构、企业和政府部门用作衡量语言能力的标准。考生需要在听、说、读、写四个方面进行测试，其中有不少同学想要了解：托福阅读中句子简化题要怎么突破？逻辑关系之间要如何理解呢？，那么下面中国教育在线小编就来和大家分享一番。

1. 转折

信号词：but, nevertheless, however, though，even though

转折关系在中文当中翻译过来就是但是，这里我们需要注意的是，我们看句子的时候，还要注意转折的句子强调的对象有没有颠倒。比如：他天天去健身房健身，但是看起来还是很娘。这句话重点在后半句，看起来很娘。但是， 如果你把转折信号词前后的内容写颠倒，就成了他看起来很娘，但是他天天去健身房，前后顺序互换之后，句子的重点明显就发生了改变。做托福阅读当中的句子简化题也是这样，当我们一眼看出是什么逻辑关系后，接下来要关心的就是，选项句子有没有改变原文句子意思。

例如：

Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.

A. When they are relatively young, hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature.

B. Although they seem permanent, hills and mountains exist for a relatively short period of geological time.

C. Hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature, but only for a short time.

D. Hills and mountains resist the destructive forces of nature better than other types of landforms.

首先，我们看到原句当中有一个but，所以我们可以判断这个句子当中存在有转折关系，这时候我们要做的，就是把选项当中不是转折关系的AD选项排除掉。然后，我们看原句当中，转折的两个对象分别是什么，原句前面有permanence，but后面有short time，所以，是在这两个方面进行对比，但C选项的前半部分没有体现出permanence这个信息，最后，我们可以判断B选项和原句相对应的。

2.因果

信号词：since, because, so ,as a result of/from

因果关系其实和转折是一样的道理，如果我们发现原句当中是因果逻辑关系的话，我们首先在四个选项当中排除掉非因果关系的选项。然后，因果关系的句子中，因和果的内容也是不能互换的，就像因为托福很虐，所以我们很爱。和因为我们很爱，所以托福很虐。是完全相反的意思。

例如：

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.

C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.

D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.

原句当中，有result from，所以是因果关系的句子，这样，我们可以轻轻松松把C和D选项排除。并且，result from这个短语的前面是果，后面是因并且，后面还有as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.。所以说，the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected和the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process都是原因，我们只要找到选项中哪个选项是的原因是这两点的同义替换就可以了。A选项的reverse和affect是和这两点原因相对应的。

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