题型简介

　　老四级阅读理解中未曾出现过15选10题型。部分备考的四级学员“谈新色变”。本题型出现在仔细阅读部分（共25分钟），在两篇传统阅读文章之前（每篇文章解题时间约为9分钟）。所以本题型共10道小题最佳完成时间应控制在7分钟。

　　阅读理解，真的要我们既要“阅读”又要“理解”吗？其实是不需要的。笔者根据多年的教学经验，为大家解密四级新题型。

　　考点解密

　　一．核心要求：识辨词性。这是以前考试当中很少涉及的部分。考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入10个空格中。考核的主要目的是检查考生的单词词性识别能力。

　　二．四词用法：名词；动词；形容词；副词。纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。

　　三．寻求突破：副词突破。考试题目中选项最少，特征也最为明显。

　　四．一一对应：“一个罗卜一个坑”。也就是说，答案是只能使用一次的。所以还要稍微注意前后的语意的通顺和连贯。

　　解题步骤

　　鉴于以上分析，笔者给出题型步骤如下：

　　一．标注词性，预先分组：把题目中给出的15个备选答案词汇进行词性分组。

　　二．浏览全文，预测答案：快速扫描文章，预测缺省信息的词性，对个别题目作出预测。

　　三．同性比较，选择唯一：对相同词性词汇与原文意思进行比照，选择唯一的答案。利用上下文线索，词的褒贬色彩，平行结构，单复数，时态等解题。

　　四．带入选项，通读检查：带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。

　　附一：新四级考试样题解析

　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks .You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage .Read the passage through carefully before making your choices .Each choice in bank is identified by a letter .Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center .You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a  47  . “I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He   48  from his teachers, came home in tears , and thought about dropping out.

　　Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his  49  Spanish.“She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,”he said.Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he  50  confidence and began to succeed in school.
　　Today, he is a  51  doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day ,he uses the language and academic skills he  52  through bilingual education to treat his patients.
　　Roberto’s story is just one of  53  success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most  54  way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students  55  outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college  56  rates of more than 90%. In E1 Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　A) wonder   B) acquired    C) consistently    D) regained    E) nightmare   F) native   G) acceptance  H) effective   I)hid　　 J)prominent　　K)decent　　L)countless　　M)recalled　　N)breakthrough　　O)automatically

　　一．标注词性，预先分组

　　A) wonder  n. /v.    B) acquired v.      C) consistently adv.      D) regained  v.   E) nightmare n.     F) native   adj.     G) acceptance n.     H) effective adj.   I)hid v.      J)prominent  adj.    K)decent adj.   L)countless adj.    M)recalled v.  N)breakthrough n.  O)automatically adv.

　　二．浏览全文，预测答案：

　　三．同性比较，选择唯一：

　　四．带入选项，通读检查：

　　解析：

　　47）：冠词 “a”判断本处应为名词，且可数。从下文线索“I couldn’t understand anything,”判断，本处应为贬义色彩的名词。在名词性备选词A)、E)、G)、N)中，只有E) nightmare符合要求。

　　48）：通过句子结构判断，缺省信息为谓语动词，根据全文时态，备选项A)排除动词词性；通过and连接的平行结构可知，答案与“came home in tears , and thought about dropping out.”并列构成贬义色彩。在动词备选词B)D)I)M)中，只有I)hid符合要求。

　　参考答案：

　　47）E   48）I   49）F   50）D   51）J   52）B   53）L   54）H   55）C   56）G

　　附二：新四级考试真题解析

　　EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange  47  happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in  48  , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.

　　The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe  49  thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America,  50  floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and    51  .

　　EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most  52   weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds  53  of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists  54  this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.

　　Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will  55  , but they are still not   56  sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

　　A) estimate v.       B) strength   n.        C) deliberately  adv.        D) notify    v.  E) tropical adj.      F) phenomenon   n.    G) stable  adj./n.          H)attraction  n.     I) completely adv.    J) destructive  adj.     K) starvation  n.          L) bringing  v.    M) exhaustion  n.     N) worth  adj.         O) strike   n./v.

　　解析：

　　47）：空格前为一形容词，通常其后修饰名词，可推知空格处要填一单数名词。从前文可知，所填名词指代EI Nino（厄尔尼诺）这种奇怪的气候现象。选项中共有六个名词，而能指代EI Nino的只有F）phenomenon（现象）。

　　48）：从主谓搭配来看，空格处描绘信风在哪方面减弱（the trade winds lessen），选项中剩下的五个名词中能形容风力减弱的只有B） strength(力量)。

　　参考答案：

　　47）F  48）B   49）E   50）L   51）K   52）J   53）N   54）A   55）O   56）I

　　附三：常见词性后缀辨析

　　1．副词

　　-ly         slowly, quickly, really

　　-ward(s)    westward, westwards, backwards

　　-wise       clockwise, otherwise,

　　2．形容词

　　-able      capable, acceptable

　　-ible      visible, sensible, permissible

　　-al        personal, internal, critical, accidental, continual

　　-ary       necessary, primary, secondary

　　-ory       satisfactory, illusory

　　-ful        cheerful, useful, faithful

　　-ic         realistic, specific, poetic, energetic

　　-ical       physical, classical, economical

　　-ish       foolish, childish, selfish

　　-ous       envious, poisonous, courageous

　　-ious      religious, furious, precious

　　-some     lonesome, troublesome, handsome

　　-y        dirty, healthy, rainy, thirsty, sunny

　　3．动词

　　-en       deepen, soften, sharpen, hasten, widen

　　-ify       unify, beautify, satisfy, simplify

　　-ize(ise)   modernize, realize, realise

　　4．名词

　　-ability    usability, capability

　　-iblity     visibility, responsibility, stability

　　-age      package, shortage, marriage

　　-ance     importance, allowance, reliance

　　-ence     presence, absence, confidence

　　-ant      assistant, accountant, inhabitant

　　-ent      president, resident, dependent

　　-cy      bankruptcy, literacy, democracy

　　-ion     construction, rebellion

　　-ition    position, repetition, tuition

　　-ation    consideration, realization, dictation, presentation

　　-ty      loyalty, identity, cruelty

　　-ment    movement, government, argument

　　-ness    carefulness, illness, happiness

　　-ology   physiology, sociology, zoology

　　-ship    friendship, professorship, leadership, hardship

　　-sion    confusion, decision, revision, discussion

　　-ure     exposure, pleasure, failure, pressure, future 

来源：重庆新东方学校