The Urban Landscape剑桥雅思4-听力原文翻译及答案解析

一、The Urban Landscape听力原文：

Good day,ladies and gentlemen.

I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.

There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk:how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate,and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in.

Trees can have a significant impact on our cities.

They can make a city,as a whole,a bit less windy or a bit more windy,if that's what you want.

They can make it a bit cooler if it's a hot summer day in an Australian city,or they can make it a bit more humid if it's a dry inland city.

On the local scale-that is,in particular areas within the city-trees can make the local area more shady,cooler,more humid and much less windy.

In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.

How do trees do all that,you ask?

Well,the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated.

It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.

The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature.

Trees,on the other hand,remain cooler than buildings because they sweat.

This means that they can humidify the air and cool it-a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.

Trees can also help break the force of winds.

The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground level is that,as the wind goes higher and higher,it goes faster and faster.

When the wind hits the building,it has to go somewhere.

Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building,forcing those high level winds down to ground level.

That doesn't happen when you have trees.

Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it,preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.

Another problem in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings.

By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road,you can make things a little quieter,but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees.

Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings,although the effect is not as large as people like to think.

Low-frequency noise,in particular,just goes through the trees as though they aren't there.

Although trees can significantly improve the local climate,they do however take up a lot of space.

There are root systems to consider and branches blocking windows and so on.

It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape.

There is not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon-a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street.

Trees need water to grow.

They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them.

If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them,then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce...

二、The Urban Landscape听力中文翻译：

女士们，先生们，日安。

今天有人请我谈谈城市景观。

在我的演讲中，我将重点关注两个主要领域：植被如何对城市气候产生重大影响，以及我们如何利用树木更好地规划城市，为我们的生活提供更舒适的环境。

树木可以对我们的城市产生重大影响。

如果你想要的话，他们可以让一个城市总体上少一点风或者多一点风。

如果澳大利亚城市是炎热的夏日，他们可以让天气凉爽一点，如果是干燥的内陆城市，他们可以让天气潮湿一点。

在当地范围内，也就是说，在城市内的特定区域，树木可以使当地更加阴凉、凉爽、潮湿和少风。

事实上，树木和各种植物可以用来降低城市街道在特定地区的危险性。

你会问，树木是如何做到这一切的？

嗯，树木和建筑物的主要区别在于，树木有一种内部机制来保持温度的调节。

它通过叶子蒸发水分，这意味着叶子的温度永远不会离我们自己的体温很远。

在一个炎热的晴天，建筑物表面的温度很容易比我们的温度高出20度。

另一方面，树木比建筑物保持凉爽，因为它们会出汗。

这意味着他们可以加湿和冷却空气，这一特性可以用来改善当地气候。

树木也可以帮助抵御风力。

高层建筑使地面风力更大的原因是，随着风力越来越高，风速越来越快。

当风吹到大楼上时，它必须去某个地方。

一些风从顶部吹过，一些风绕过建筑物的两侧，迫使这些高水平风降到地面。

如果你有树，那就不会发生。

树木可以过滤风，并大大降低风的强度，防止在高层建筑周围经常遇到的巨大阵风。

建成区的另一个问题是，高楼会加剧交通噪音。

通过在路边种植一条林带，你可以让事情变得更安静一些，但大部分车辆噪音仍然会通过树木传播。

树木也可以帮助减少周围的噪音，尽管其影响并不像人们想象的那么大。

特别是低频噪声，就像树木不在那里一样穿过树木。

尽管树木可以显著改善当地气候，但它们确实占用了大量空间。

有需要考虑的根系统和阻塞窗口的分支等等。

因此，很难将树木融入当地景观。

如果你有一个我们称之为街道峡谷的地方，那就没有什么可以做的了——一整组高楼围在一条狭窄的街道上。

树木需要水才能生长。

它们也需要一些阳光才能生长，你需要空间来放置它们。

如果你有机会推倒建筑物并替换它们，那么突然间你可以开始寻找不同的方法来设计街道并引入。

三、The Urban Landscape听力问题：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.THE URBAN LANDSCAPE

Two areas of focus:

·the effect of vegetation on the urban climate

·ways of planning our better

Large-scale impact of trees:

·they can make cities more or less

·in summer they can make cities cooler

·they can make inland cities more

Local impact of trees:

·they can make local areas

--more

--cooler

--more humid

--less windy

--less

Comparing trees and buildings

Temperature regulation:

·trees evaporate water through their

·building surfaces may reach high temperatures

wind force:

·tall buildings cause more wind at level

·these the wind force

Noise:

·trees have a small effect on traffic noise

·frequency noise passes through trees

Important points to consider:

·trees require a lot of sunlight,water and to grow

四、The Urban Landscape听力答案：

31.cities/environment

32.windy

33.humid

34.shady/shaded

35.dangerous

36.leaves

37.ground

38.considerably reduce/considerably decrease/considerably filter

39.low

40.space/room

五、The Urban Landscape听力答案解析

Question 31 cities/environment.这类总结性的纲要概括题目往往给出小标题，这些小标题可以起到定位信号词的作用，在读题时需将小标题圈出以便定位答案。当录音提到There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk时，考生应注意这是第一个信号词，答案将随后出现。and how we can better plan our cities using trees to...comfortable environment对应试卷上已给出的信息，由此得知答案是cities或environment。

Question 32 windy.当录音提到Trees can have a significant impact on cities时，应意识到题目即将出现，接着听到They can make a city，as a whole，a bit less windy or a bit more windy...，对应试卷上已出现的信息more or less等，故确定答案为windy。

Question 33 humid.此题的最大难点在于定位信号词inland city出现于正确答案之后，但根据上文可以清晰地判断出答案应为表示气候的形容词，所以当录音提到or they can make it a bit more humid if it’s a dry inland city时，可以确定答案为humid。

Question 34 shady/shaded.此题目的定位信号词local area出现后，考生接着会听到On the local scale—that is，in particular areas within the city—trees can make the local area more shady，cooler，more humid and much less windy.对应题目中的并列信息，可以判定答案为shady或shaded。

Question 35 dangerous.根据上述题目可以判断35题答案仍然为形容词的比较级，所以当录音提到In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.对应题目中已出现的信息，应确定答案为dangerous。

Question 36 leaves.录音内容中提到It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.录音中的evaporates water through和题目信息完全一致，故确定答案为leaves。

Question 37 ground.录音中首先提到的high buildings对应题目中的tall buildings，因此听到此词就意味着答案内容即将出现，随后录音提到...high buildings make it windier at ground level...对应试卷上的已知信息，故确定答案为ground。

Question 38 considerably reduce/decrease/filter.录音中提到Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it，此题略有难度，因为定位信号词不明显。filter的词义是“过滤”，如果不能捕捉到这个词，reduce也可以成为答案，或者根据录音内容的基本含义考虑decrease，树可以过滤风速或降低风速。

Question 39 low.录音中提到Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings，although the effect is not as large as people like to think.Low frequency noise...just goes through the trees...，根据题目中已知的frequency noise应意识到其前面的单词low即为答案。

Question 40 space/room.此题目考查了并列信息的捕捉能力，在这类题目中，不仅要注意题目中已经给出的并列条件，还应特别关注从一个信息到另一个信息的过渡连接词，录音中提到Trees need water to grow.They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them.当听到water，also，sunlight，and后，考生应意识到其后的room即为答案。

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