托福tpo63听力lecture1 geology class原文翻译及问题答案

托福tpo63听力lecture1 geology class，那么接下来就跟着中国教育在线的小编详细了解一下吧。

geology class托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

一、geology class托福听力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.

Professor:OK.Before we begin,I wanna remind you that our field trip to Bryce canyon national park is this weekend.Remember the bus leaves early,five am,so don't forget to set your alarm clocks.I think you're all gonna enjoy getting out of the classroom and actually seeing some remarkable geologic phenomena.Now,while we're there,I want you to pay particular attention to two things.One obviously will be the sediment layers making up the rocks,since we've spent so much time on sedimentary rocks.Bryce canyon is a great place to see how millions of years have turned layers and layers of tightly packed sediment,mud particles,sand remains of plants and animals into rock.But you're also gonna see some fascinating rock shapes,formations that are the result of the weathering and the erosion processes that occur at Bryce canyon.

There are two main processes that are important.The first one is a weathering process called frost wedge.Frost wedge a process that widens cracks in rocks in the wintertime.It begins with warm air or daytime sun melting the snow.As the snow turns into water,it seeps into the cracks that occur naturally in sedimentary rocks.At night,this water freezes in the cracks,but when water freezes,it expands quite a bit,which means that it prize cracks open,gradually,making them wider and breaking off a little bits in the process.Now,this thought freeze cycle can happen as many as two hundred times in a single year.So that makes it the most important weathering process at Bryce canyon.

The other key processes is runoff,which is an erosion process.Runoff takes place in the summer.The parks in the desert said the grounds very dry.When it rains in late summer,the ground is too hard to absorb the water,so it runs off.And as it runs off,it carries away the gravel,the broken bits of rock created by cross wedge in the winter.So runoff is the main erosion process that alters the rock landscape in the park.And because these processes have occurred over thousands of years,some of the results can be pretty dramatic,like the giant corridors are passage ways that have developed within the rocks.These passage ways are known as slot canyons.

Here's an example of one,not from the part we're going to.This one is actually in Australia,but the scale is typical.So these huge spaces started out as small cracks throughout the sedimentary rock,then thanks to millions of cycles across wedge and runoff.What used to be one big area of rock is now sort of two smaller areas of brought with the corridor in between.We'll have a chance to walk through some like this.These slot canyons are great places to explore,but let me just say,for any of you who aren't from around here,if you ever go on your own,make sure you check a weather forecast first.A sudden heavy rain can cause a flash flood in a slot canyon.So you want to know when it's safe to explore them.

Unfortunately,it'll be dry this weekend.Now,these deep,narrow slots are pretty common.You might even have two of them very close to each other with only a thin wall of rock in between.Of course,frost wedge is still at work,so it starts wearing away at the front of the thin wall until you get a whole I mean a hole all the way through the wall,front to back.And this hole gets bigger and bigger.Once it's at least one meter in diameter,it's called a window.And eventually the weight on top of it is just too much,so the roof caves in and only the sides,sometimes it's just one side is left standing.These sides,which look a lot like collins,now are called Hudos.Here's a photo of something we'll be seeing.One of the things that makes Bryce canyon unique is that it has more Hudos than anywhere else in the world.Yes,Margot?

Female student:Why is it so lumpy looking?You'd think it would be smoother.

Professor:Well,remember,these are sedimentary rocks,so they have layers.Some layers are mostly limestone,and limestone erodes pretty quickly in the presence of any kind of acid.Now Bryce canyon in a very unpolluted area,but even,there the rain water has a little carbolic acid in it,which causes the limestone to erode.But other layers are made up of different types of sediment,which aren't so vulnerable to acid,so they don't erode as quickly.

二、geology class托福听力中文翻译：

在地质学课上听讲座的一部分。

教授：好的。在开始之前，我想提醒你，我们的布莱斯峡谷国家公园实地考察是这个周末。记住公共汽车早点出发，早上五点，所以别忘了设置闹钟。我想你们都会喜欢走出教室，真正看到一些非凡的地质现象。现在，当我们在那里的时候，我希望你们特别注意两件事。其中一个显然是构成岩石的沉积层，因为我们在沉积岩上花费了太多时间。布莱斯峡谷是一个很好的地方，可以看到数百万年来如何将一层层紧密堆积的沉积物、泥粒、动植物的沙子残骸变成岩石。但你也会看到一些迷人的岩石形状，形成的风化和侵蚀过程，发生在布莱斯峡谷。

有两个重要的主要过程。第一种是一种叫做霜楔的风化过程。霜冻楔是一种在冬季使岩石裂缝变宽的过程。它开始于温暖的空气或白天的阳光融化了雪。当雪变成水时，它会渗入沉积岩中自然形成的裂缝。晚上，这些水在裂缝中结冰，但当水结冰时，它会膨胀相当大，这意味着它会使裂缝逐渐张开，使它们变得更宽，并在这个过程中断开一些。现在，这种思想冻结周期可能在一年内发生多达200次。这使得它成为布莱斯峡谷最重要的风化过程。

另一个关键过程是径流，这是一个侵蚀过程。径流发生在夏季。沙漠中的公园说地面非常干燥。夏末下雨时，地面太硬，无法吸收水分，因此会流失。当流失时，它会带走砾石，即冬季楔横坡形成的碎石。因此，径流是改变公园岩石景观的主要侵蚀过程。由于这些过程已经发生了数千年，有些结果可能非常引人注目，比如巨大的走廊是岩石内部形成的通道。这些通道被称为狭缝峡谷。

这里有一个例子，不是我们要讲的那部分。这个实际上是在澳大利亚，但规模是典型的。因此，这些巨大的空间开始于沉积岩中的小裂缝，然后由于楔块和径流的数百万次循环。过去是一大块岩石的地方，现在有两小块岩石，中间是走廊。我们将有机会经历这样的经历。这些狭长的峡谷是探索的好地方，但我想说的是，对于你们中的任何一个不是从这里来的人来说，如果你自己去的话，一定要先查看天气预报。突如其来的大雨可能会导致狭长峡谷的山洪暴发。所以你想知道什么时候可以安全地探索它们。

不幸的是，这个周末会很干燥。现在，这些深而窄的槽非常常见。你甚至可能有两个非常接近的地方，中间只有一层薄薄的岩石。当然，霜楔仍然在工作，所以它开始在薄壁的前面磨损，直到你得到一个完整的我的意思是一个贯穿整个墙壁的洞，从前面到后面。这个洞越来越大。一旦它的直径至少达到一米，它就被称为窗户。最终，它顶部的重量太重了，所以屋顶塌陷了，只有侧面，有时只有一侧还没有倒塌。这些面看起来很像柯林斯，现在被称为胡多斯。这是一张我们将要看到的东西的照片。布莱斯峡谷的独特之处之一是，它的胡多斯河比世界上任何其他地方都多。是的，玛格特？

女学生：为什么它看起来这么凹凸不平？你会认为这会更顺利。

教授：记住，这些是沉积岩，所以它们有层。有些岩层主要是石灰石，石灰石在任何酸的存在下都会很快腐蚀。现在布莱斯峡谷位于一个非常未受污染的地区，但即使在那里，雨水中也含有少量石炭酸，这会导致石灰石受到侵蚀。但其他地层是由不同类型的沉积物组成的，这些沉积物不易受酸的侵蚀，所以不会很快被侵蚀。

三、geology class托福听力问题：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The length of time required to produce sedimentary rocks

B.The role of climate conditions in the creation of sedimentary rocks

C.Some processes that produced a specific group of rock formations

D.Some unique geologic features found in canyons in the United States

Q2:According to the professor,what is one characteristic that frost wedging and runoff share?

A.Neither occurs in a desert.

B.Neither is a frequent event.

C.Both are weathering processes.

D.Both are seasonal phenomena.

Q3:Why does the professor show a picture of a slot canyon?

A.To give students a sense of the size of a typical slot canyon

B.To show students one of the places they will visit on their field trip

C.To illustrate how many sediment layers are visible in a typical slot canyon

D.To show how much slot canyons can vary based on local climate conditions

Q4:What is the professor's attitude toward students exploring Bryce Canyon on their own?

A.He worries that students may not know to take appropriate precautions if they go by themselves.

B.He suspects that many students will not go on their own if such a trip requires them to get up early.

C.He hopes that the class field trip will motivate students to visit Bryce Canyon on their own.

D.He believes that students learn more from individual exploration than they do from being in a group.

Q5:How is a hoodoo formed?

A.Runoff produces large gravel deposits.

B.Air pollution leads to a buildup of limestone.

C.The roof of a rock window collapses.

D.A flash flood washes away the base of a rock wall.

四、geology class托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：C

A2:正确答案：D

A3:正确答案：A

A4:正确答案：A

A5:正确答案：C

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