Catalhoyuk托福听力原文翻译及问题答案

2023-06-09 12:50:05 来源：中国教育在线

Catalhoyuk托福听力原文翻译及问题答案,关于这个问题中国教育在线外语平台小编就简单为大家说一下。

一、Catalhoyuk托福听力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the Near East,so let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.Let's look at Catalhoyuk…um,I better write that down.Catalhoyuk,that's about as close as we get in English.It's Turkish really--the site's in modern-day Turkey,and who knows what the original inhabitants called it.

Anyway,um,Catalhoyuk wasn't the first agricultural settlement in the Near East,but it was pretty early--settled about 9,000 years ago,in the Neolithic period.And,uh,the settlement--a town,really--lasted about a thousand years,and grew to a size of about 8 or 10 thousand people.That certainly makes it one of the largest towns in the world at that time.

One of the things that makes a settlement of this size impressive is the time period...It's the Neolithic,remember--the late Stone Age--so the people that lived there had only stone tools--no metals--so everything they accomplished,like building this town,they did with just stone,...plus wood,bricks,that sort of thing.

But you gotta remember that it wasn't just any stone they had,they had obsidian--And,um,obsidian is a black volcanic...well,almost like glass.It flakes very nicely into really sharp points.The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian,and,uh,the people ofCatalhoyuk got theirs from further inland,from central Turkey--traded for it,probably.

Anyway,what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built.The houses are all rectangular,one-story,made of sun-dried bricks...but what's really interesting is that there are no spaces between them.No streets,in other words.And so,generally,no doors on the houses either.People walked around on the roofs and entered a house through a hatchway on the roof,down a wooden ladder.You can still see the diagonal marks of the ladders in the plaster on the inside walls.

Once you were in the house,there would be one main room and a couple of small rooms for storage.The main room had the hearth:for cooking and for heat--it would've been pretty cold during the winters.And,uh,it also looks like they made their tools near the fire:there tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the hearth ashes.But,uh,no chimney...

the smoke just went out the same hatchway the people used for going in and out themselves.So there would've been an open fire inside the house,with only one hole in the roof to let the smoke out.You and I would've found it a bit too smoky in there.You can see on the walls,which they plastered and decorated with paintings...they ended up with a layer of black soot on them...and so did people's lungs--the bones found in the graves show a layer of soot on the inside of the ribs.And that's another unusual feature ofCatalhoyuk--the burial sites.

The graves have all been found under the houses--right under the floors.And it may be this burial custom that explains why the houses were packed in so tightly without streets.I mean,you might think it was for protection or something,but there's been no evidence found yet of any violent attack that would indicate that kind of danger.It may be they wanted to live as near as possible to their ancestors'graves...and be buried near them themselves.But it makes a good point.

Based on excavations we can know the layout of the houses,and the location of the graves,but we're only guessing when we try to say why they did it that way.That's the way it is with archaeology--you're dealing with the physical remains the people left behind.We have no sure access to what they thought and how they felt about things.I mean,it's interesting to speculate,and the physical artifacts can give us clues,but there's a lot we can't really know.

So for instance,their art. They painted on the plaster walls,and uh,usually they painted hunting scenes,with wild animals in them.Now,they did hunt,and they also raised cereal crops and kept sheep.But we don't know why so many of the paintings are of hunting scenes.Was it supposed to have religious or magical significance?That's the kind of thing we can only guess at,based on clues,and hopefully further excavation of Catalhoyuk will yield more clues.But we'll probably never know for sure.

二、Catalhoyuk托福听力中文翻译：

旁白：在考古学课上听一节课的一部分。

女教授：好的，我们一直在谈论近东的早期农业，所以让我们集中在一个地方，看看我们能从中学到什么。让我们看看加泰罗尼亚克……嗯，我最好把它写下来。加泰罗尼亚克，这差不多是我们用英语所能说的。这真的是土耳其语——这个遗址位于现代土耳其，谁知道最初的居民叫它什么。

总之，加泰罗尼亚克不是近东第一个农业定居点，但它很早就建立了，大约9000年前，在新石器时代。而且，呃，这个定居点——一个城镇，实际上——持续了大约一千年，发展到了大约八千或一万人的规模。这无疑使它成为当时世界上最大的城镇之一。

使如此规模的定居点令人印象深刻的一个因素是时间周期。。。这是新石器时代，记住--石器时代晚期--所以住在那里的人只有石器工具--没有金属--所以他们完成的一切，比如建造这个城镇，他们只用石头，。。。再加上木头、砖块之类的东西。

但你要记住，他们并不是只有石头，他们有黑曜石--而且，嗯，黑曜石是一种黑色火山岩。。。嗯，就像玻璃一样。它很好地剥落成非常锋利的尖头。整个石器时代最锋利的工具是由黑曜石制成的，呃，卡塔洛约克人是从更远的内陆地区，土耳其中部得到的——可能是用它来交易的。

不管怎样，我想关注的是这个城镇的建设方式。这些房子都是长方形的，一层楼，由晒干的砖砌成。。。但真正有趣的是，它们之间没有空格。换句话说，没有街道。所以，一般来说，房子上也没有门。人们在屋顶上走来走去，从屋顶上的一个舱口，沿着木梯进入一所房子。你仍然可以看到内墙上石膏上梯子的对角线标记。

一旦你在房子里，就会有一个主房间和两个小房间来存放东西。主房间有壁炉：用来做饭和取暖——冬天会很冷。而且，呃，看起来他们的工具也是在火附近制作的：炉灰中往往有很多黑曜石薄片和碎片。但是，呃，没有烟囱。。。

烟雾只是从人们自己进出的同一个舱口冒出来。因此，房子里可能会发生明火，屋顶上只有一个洞可以让烟雾排出。你和我会发现里面有点烟雾弥漫。你可以在墙上看到，墙上贴满了灰泥，装饰着油画。。。最后他们身上有一层黑烟。。。人们的肺也是如此——在坟墓里发现的骨头显示肋骨内侧有一层煤烟。这是Cataloyuk的另一个不寻常的特征——墓地。

坟墓都是在房子下面——就在地板下面找到的。也许正是这种丧葬习俗解释了为什么房子挤得那么紧，没有街道。我的意思是，你可能会认为这是为了保护或其他什么，但目前还没有发现任何暴力袭击的证据表明存在这种危险。也许他们想住在离祖先坟墓尽可能近的地方。。。埋在他们身边。但这是一个很好的观点。

根据挖掘，我们可以知道房屋的布局和坟墓的位置，但当我们试图说出他们为什么那样做时，我们只能猜测。考古学就是这样的——你在处理人们留下的有形遗骸。我们无法确切了解他们的想法和感受。我的意思是，推测起来很有趣，实物文物可以给我们提供线索，但有很多我们真的不知道。

例如，他们的艺术；他们在灰泥墙上作画，呃，通常他们画狩猎场景，里面有野生动物。现在，他们确实打猎，他们还饲养谷物和绵羊。但我们不知道为什么这么多画都是狩猎场景。它应该具有宗教或魔法意义吗？根据线索，这是我们只能猜测的事情，希望对加泰罗尼亚克的进一步挖掘将产生更多线索。但我们可能永远无法确定。

三、Catalhoyuk托福听力问题：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Art in the Neolithic period

B.The site of a Neolithic town

C.Methods of making stone tools

D.The domestication of plants and animals by early farmers

Q2:2.What does the professor imply about the tools used by the people of Catalhoyuk?

A.They were made of stone that came from Catalhoyuk.

B.They were among the sharpest tools available at the time.

C.They were often used in religious rituals.

D.They were used primarily for agriculture.

Q3:3.What does the professor say about the entrances to the houses in Catalhoyuk?

Click on 2 answers.

A.They were in the roof.

B.They were usually kept closed.

C.They allowed smoke to escape from the houses.

D.They stood opposite one another across narrow streets.

Q4:4.What does the professor say about Catalhoyuk graves?

A.The graves contained precious stones.

B.Many people were buried in each grave.

C.The graves were located under the house floors.

D.The graves contained ashes rather than bones.

Q5:5.What does the professor think of the idea that the inhabitants of Catalhoyuk deliberately arranged their houses so that they could live near their ancestors'graves?

A.She thinks it is a good guess,but only a guess.

B.She thinks some evidence supports it,but other evidence contradicts it.

C.She thinks that further excavations will soon disprove it.

D.She thinks that it is not appropriate to make such guesses about the distant past.

Q6:6.What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk?Click on 3 answers.

A.It was clearly important to the Catalhoyuk religion.

B.It became covered with soot.

C.It often shows farmers at work.

D.Its significance is unknown.

E.It contains many hunting scenes

四、Catalhoyuk托福听力答案：

A1:正确答案：B