Arch 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案

2023-06-12 16:16:47 来源：中国教育在线

Arch 托福红Delta听力原文翻译及问题答案，今天中国教育在线就来为大家分析这个问题。

一、Arch 托福红Delta听力原文：

W:An arch is the spanning of a wall opening by means of separate units,such as bricks or blocks,which are assembled into an upward curve.The invention of the arch made it possible to span wide openings without large timbers.Before the arch,large window and door openings required a large wooden timber,and a supply of large trees.The arch was very important in regions where there were few large trees.The Babylonians,Egyptians,and Etruscans all used the arch,and it was later adopted by the Romans.The arch became a basic principle in the Roman system of construction in brick and concrete.The Romans contributed a lot to the development of architecture,especially its engineering aspects.They perfected a system of arch and vault construction.As a result,a larger variety of buildings appeared,each with a form suited to its function.The Roman approach to the building arts was always practical.The Romans undertook huge public work projects,including a network of bridges and aqueducts,all of which utilized the arch.To supply their vast public baths and fill the water needs of their citizens,they needed water in large amounts for their cities.Using their considerable engineering skills,the Romans built aqueducts so sturdy that many are still standing.The Roman semi-circular arch is the most common and most elementary type of arch.It was made by taking wedge-shaped blocks—large bricks with angled sides—and placing them side by side,forming an upward curving,semi-circular opening.The block at the highest point—the center of the arch—is called the keystone.The keystone is the most important block because it holds the other blocks in place.The keystone locks the other stones together.The round arch is extremely strong and stable.It’s primarily the wedge shape of the blocks that gives the arch its stability.The wedge-shaped blocks are locked together tightly,transferring their weight downward on either side.The arch is very sturdy and can support a heavy load.The arch is supported only from the sides.This is because of lateral thrust.The downward pressure is transformed into lateral thrust through the piers,the two vertical structures on either side of the opening.What I mean is,the...um...the weight of the arch and its load is converted from downward pressure into sideways—lateral—pressure.The massive piers that frame each side of the opening receive the pressure and therefore support the arch.Until the nineteenth century,arches were still widely used in public buildings in North America.However,the invention of steel beams in the nineteenth century—yes,did you have a question?

M:Yes.I was wondering...um...what you said implies that we don’t see arches in public buildings anymore,I mean,in newer buildings.But what about the arches in our administration building,here on campus?It has lots of arches,and I’m pretty sure the building is fairly new.

W:I’m glad you mentioned our administration building because that’s a perfect illustration of the decorative arch.You see,behind all that beautiful brickwork is a system of steel beams.The beams are doing the real work of holding up the building.The brick arches are just for show.Steel beams for wide spans have reduced the arch to a mostly decorative function.And,as you can see in our administration building,decorative arches remain popular today.

二、Arch 托福红Delta听力中文翻译：

W：拱是通过单独的单元（如砖或砌块）跨越墙洞，这些单元组装成向上的曲线。拱的发明使得无需大木材就可以跨越宽开口。在拱门之前，大窗户和门的开口需要大木料和大树。拱门在大树稀少的地区非常重要。巴比伦人、埃及人和伊特鲁里亚人都使用拱门，后来被罗马人采用。拱门成为罗马砖混建筑体系的基本原则。罗马人对建筑的发展做出了很大贡献，尤其是在工程方面。他们完善了拱顶结构体系。因此，出现了各种各样的建筑，每一种都有适合其功能的形式。罗马人对建筑艺术的态度总是很实用的。罗马人承担了巨大的公共工程项目，包括桥梁和渡槽网络，所有这些都利用了拱门。为了供应他们庞大的公共浴室并满足市民的用水需求，他们需要大量的水来供应城市用水。罗马人利用其高超的工程技术，建造了坚固的渡槽，许多渡槽至今仍屹立不倒。罗马半圆拱是最常见、最基本的拱型。它是由楔形块和棱角形的大砖块并排放置而成，形成一个向上弯曲的半圆开口。位于拱门中心最高点的石块称为基石。keystone是最重要的块，因为它将其他块固定在适当的位置。keystone将其他石头锁在一起。圆拱非常坚固和稳定。主要是块体的楔形使拱门具有稳定性。楔形块紧密锁定在一起，将其重量向下转移到两侧。拱门非常坚固，可以承受重载。拱门仅从侧面支撑。这是因为侧向推力。向下的压力通过桥墩转化为侧向推力，桥墩是开口两侧的两个垂直结构。我的意思是。。。嗯。。。拱的重量及其荷载从向下压力转换为侧向压力。支撑开口两侧的巨大桥墩承受压力，从而支撑拱门。直到十九世纪，拱门仍然广泛应用于北美的公共建筑中。然而，十九世纪钢梁的发明是的，你有问题吗？

M：是的。我在想。。。嗯。。。你所说的意味着我们在公共建筑中再也看不到拱门了，我的意思是，在新的建筑中。但是我们行政大楼的拱门呢，在校园里？它有很多拱门，我敢肯定这座建筑是相当新的。

W：我很高兴你提到我们的行政大楼，因为那是装饰拱门的完美例证。你看，在所有漂亮的砖墙后面是一个钢梁系统。横梁起着支撑建筑物的真正作用。砖砌拱门只是为了炫耀。大跨度的钢梁将拱门简化为一种主要的装饰功能。而且，正如你在我们的行政大楼中看到的那样，装饰性拱门在今天仍然很受欢迎。

三、Arch 托福红Delta听力问题：

Q1:According to the professor,why was the arch an important development in architecture?

Click on two answers.

A.The arch made Rome the greatest power on Earth.

B.Wide openings could be spanned without using wood.

C.There was no formal architecture before the arch.

D.The arch led to a larger variety of buildings.

Q2:What does the professor imply about the publicworks projects of the Romans?

A.The arch contributed to the success of these projects.

B.The Romans were the first society to work on large projects.