S

　　sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person

　　sad - ad. not happy safe - ad. away from harm or danger

　　sail - v. to travel by boat or ship

　　sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship

　　salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food

　　same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others

　　sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts

　　satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth

　　satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded

　　save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use

　　say - v. to speak; to express in words

　　school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn

　　science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them

　　sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean

　　search - v. to look for carefully

　　season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun （spring, summer, autumn, winter）; a period of time based on different weather conditions （"dry season", "rainy season"）; a period during the year when something usually happens （"baseball season"）

　　seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there （"a seat in parliament"）

　　second - ad. the one that comes after the first

　　secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few

　　security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place （"Security was increased in the city."）

　　see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know

　　seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow

　　seek（ing） - v. to search for （"They are seeking a cure for cancer."）; to try to get （"She is seeking election to public office."）; to plan to do （"Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal."）

　　seem - v. to appear to be （"She seems to be in good health."）

　　seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest

　　self - n. all that which makes one person different from others

　　sell - v. to give something in exchange for money

　　Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress

　　send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place

　　sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel

　　sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime

　　separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different

　　series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order

　　serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous

　　serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help

　　service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public （"Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."）; a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony

　　set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit

　　settle - v. to end （a dispute）; to agree about （a problem）; to make a home in a new place

　　several - ad. three or more, but not many

　　severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage

　　sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young

　　shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements

　　shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks

　　share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company

　　sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain

　　she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about

　　sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair

　　shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover

　　shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety

　　shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright

　　ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat

　　shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake

　　shoe - n. a covering for the foot

　　shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun

　　short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall

　　should - v. used with another verb （action word） to show responsibility （"We should study."）, probability （"The talks should begin soon."）, or that something is believed to be a good idea （"Criminals should be punished."）

　　shout - v. to speak very loudly

　　show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public

　　shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value

　　sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health

　　sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health

　　side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body

　　sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information

　　signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message

　　silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound

　　silver - n. a valued white metal

　　similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same

　　simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex

　　since - prep. from a time in the past until now （"I have known her since we went to school together."）

　　sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice

　　single - ad. one only

　　sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid

　　sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person

　　sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated

　　situation - n. the way things are during a period of time

　　size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is

　　skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience

　　skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals

　　sky - n. the space above the earth

　　slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another

　　sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed

　　slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface

　　slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities

　　small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large

　　smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force

　　smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose （"the smell of food cooking"）

　　smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning

　　smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough

　　snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold

　　so - ad. in such a way that （"He held the flag so all could see it."）; also; too （"She left early, and so did we."）; very （"I am so sick."）; as a result （"They were sick, so they could not come."）; conj. in order that; for the purpose of （"Come early so we can discuss the plans."）

　　social - ad. of or about people or a group

　　soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud

　　soil - n. earth in which plants grow

　　soldier - n. a person in the army

　　solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas

　　solve - v. to find an answer; to settle some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all

　　son - n. a person's male child

　　soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly

　　sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something

　　sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard

　　south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun

　　space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things

　　speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group

　　special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind

　　speech - n. a talk given to a group of people

　　speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done

　　spend - v. to give as payment; to use （"He spends much time studying."）

　　spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident

　　spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death

　　split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts

　　sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill

　　spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known

　　spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer

　　spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country

　　square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides

　　stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon

　　stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place

　　star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer

　　start - v. to begin; to make something begin

　　starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food

　　state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation

　　station - v. a place of special work or purpose （"a police station"）; a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts

　　statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal

　　stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time （"They stayed in New York for two years."）

　　steal - v. to take without permission or paying

　　steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water

　　steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances

　　step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal

　　stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult （"Something is making the door stick."）; n. a thin piece of wood still - ad. not moving （"The man was standing still."）; until the present or a stated time （"Was he still there?"）; even so; although （"The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it."）

　　stone - n. a small piece of rock

　　stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end

　　store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things

　　storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow

　　story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined

　　stove - n. a heating device used for cooking

　　straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns

　　strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known

　　street - n. a road in a city, town or village

　　stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider

　　strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands

　　strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed

　　structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building

　　struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight

　　study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully

　　stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent

　　subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about

　　submarine - n. an underwater ship

　　substance - n. the material of which something is made （a solid, liquid or gas）

　　substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another

　　subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly

　　succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result

　　such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to

　　sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation

　　suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness

　　sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants

　　suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider

　　summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn

　　sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth

　　supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others

　　supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others

　　support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve

　　suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine （"I suppose you are right."）; to expect （"It is supposed to rain tonight."）

　　suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly

　　sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question

　　surface - n. the outer side or top of something （"The rocket landed on the surface of the moon."）

　　surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; （"That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports."）

　　surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected

　　surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat

　　surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something

　　survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation

　　suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty

　　suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time

　　swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth

　　swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office （"The chief justice will swear in the president."）

　　sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar

　　swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs

　　sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness

　　system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal