J

　　jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences for crimes that are not serious 监狱

　　joint - ad. shared by two or more　共同的

　　jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial　陪审团

　　just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left.") 刚才; at the same time 同时 ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair 公正的 ("The law is just, in my opinion.")

　　K

　　kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force　绑架

　　knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding 知识

　　L

　　labor - n. work; workers as a group 劳动力

　　laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done 实验室

　　lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having　缺乏

　　launch - v. to put into operation; to begin开办; to send into the air or space 发射

　　leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)　漏

　　legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law　合法的

　　legislature - n. a government lawmaking group　立法机构

　　liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change　自由主义的

　　lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm　闪电

　　link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events　联系

　　literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country　文学

　　load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container 装载. that which is carried 负荷

　　loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; 借款

　　local - ad. about or having to do with one place 本地的

　　loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something　忠诚的

　　M

　　majority - n. the greater number; more than half　多数

　　manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts　制造

　　march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something　游行

　　market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them　市场

　　mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size 大量事物

　　mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature　使配对

　　mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs　数学

　　mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government　市长

　　measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something 测量. an action taken 措施　a legislative proposal 议案

　　media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio　媒体

　　melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it　融化

　　member - n. one of a group　成员

　　memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event　纪念的

　　mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind　精神的

　　mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon　仁慈

　　message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group　消息

　　metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold 金属

　　method - n. the way something is done　方法

　　microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied　显微镜

　　militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence　斗士

　　military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces　军方

　　mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt　矿物

　　minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister," "foreign minister")　部长

　　minor - ad. small in size; of little importance　少数的

　　minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority　少数

　　missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target　导弹

　　missing - ad. lost; not found　遗失的

　　mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people　暴徒
　　moderate - ad. not extreme　温和的

　　moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions　道德的

　　motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place　运动，动作

　　mourn - v. to express or feel sadness　哀悼

　　mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret 神秘事物

　　N

　　natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind　自然的

　　navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea　海军

　　negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution　商议

　　neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute　 中立的

　　nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position　 提名

　　nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place 到处都没有

　　nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms 核的

　　O

　　obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act 遵从

　　object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest 反对; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched　物体

　　observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")　观察

　　occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force　占领

　　offensive - n. a military campaign of attack 攻击; ad. having to do with attacking 攻击性的

　　offer - v. to present or propose 提供; n. the act of presenting or proposing 提议; that which is presented or proposed　提供物

　　officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force　武官

　　official - n. a person with power in an orgaization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power　文官

　　operate - v. to do work or a job 执行; to cut into the body for medical reasons 手术

　　opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking　意见

　　oppose - v. to be against; to fight against　反对

　　opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from ; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")　相反的

　　oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power 压迫

　　orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object 绕轨道而行; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet　轨道

　　oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force　剥夺

　　overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force　推翻

　　owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received　欠

　　P

　　parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground　降落伞

　　parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary　游行

　　parliament - n. a government lawmaking group 议会

　　passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country　护照

　　patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem　病人

　　peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet 和平　

　　perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others　表演

　　permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time 永久的

　　permit - v. to let; to make possible　允许

　　physical - ad. of the body　身体的

　　physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy 物理

　　pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter　飞行员

　　planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")　行星

　　plot - v. to make secret plans密谋; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal 阴谋

　　poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions 诗

　　point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim 指向; n. the sharp end of something 尖端　

　　policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business　制度

　　politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office　政治

　　pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water 污染

　　popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public　流行的，受欢迎的

　　port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm　港口

　　position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization　位置

　　possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by　拥有

　　postpone - v. to delay action until a later time　拖延

　　pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow　倾泻

　　praise - v. to say good things about; to approve　赞扬

　　pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit 祈祷

　　pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby　怀孕的

　　present - v. to offer for consideration 表明 ("We will present our idea to the

　　committee."); n. a gift 礼物("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place 出席的 ("I was present at school yesterday.")　

　　press - v. to urge strongly 逼迫 ; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications 出版

　　pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else　压力

　　prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening　阻止

　　private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public 私人的

　　prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get　奖项

　　process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result　过程

　　produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture　生产

　　profession - n. a job that requires special training　职业

　　profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity　利润

　　progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal 发展

　　project - n. a planned effort to do something　项目

　　propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods 财产

　　propose - v. to present or offer for consideration 建议

　　protest - v. to speak against; to object 抗议

　　prove - v. to show to be true　正式

　　publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine 出版物

　　publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine　出版

　　pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push　拉

　　pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through　抽吸

　　punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal　惩罚

　　purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought　购买

　　pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean　纯的

　　purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal 目标

　　push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull　推