Q

　　quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.") 质量

　　R

　　race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest 竞赛; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color 种族

　　radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen　雷达

　　radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous　辐射

　　raid - v. to make a sudden attack 袭击; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something 突袭

　　realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are　现实的

　　reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise　合理的

　　rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey 反抗; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country 造反者

　　recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs 衰退

　　recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before 识别; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government 承认

　　reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition　改革

　　refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war　难民

　　reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe　反对

　　relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties　关系

　　release - v. to free; to permit to go 释放; to permit to be known or made public 发布

　　religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods　宗教

　　remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same 保留

　　remains - n. a dead body　遗体

　　report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation 报道; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed　报道

　　represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example　代表

　　repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force　压制

　　request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for　要求

　　require - v. to need or demand as necessary　需要

　　rescue - v. to free from danger or evil　拯救

　　research - n. a careful study to discover correct information　研究

　　resign - v. to leave a position, job or office　辞职

　　resist - v. to oppose 反对; to fight to prevent 反抗

　　resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting　决议

　　resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold　资源

　　responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the

　　report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")　有责任的

　　restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group　抑制

　　restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger　限制

　　revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government　反抗

　　riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place 骚乱; n. a violent action by a large group of people　暴乱　

　　risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury　风险

　　rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal　抢夺

　　rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon　火箭，导弹

　　rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing　摩擦

　　ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy　毁坏

　　rule - v. to govern or control; to decide 统治; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done　规则

　　S

　　sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")

　　sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person　牺牲

　　satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth　卫星

　　satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded 使满意

　　security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")　安全

　　Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress　参议院　

　　severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage　 严重的

　　shell - v. to fire artillery 炮轰; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover　炮弹

　　shelter - v. to protect or give protection to 庇护; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety　庇护所

　　shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value　缩减

　　skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions　骷髅

　　slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface　滑行

　　smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force　　打碎

　　spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident　溢出

　　spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death　精神

　　split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts　分裂

　　spy - v. to steal or get information secretly 侦察; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country 间谍

　　square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides　四方型

　　stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon 刺伤

　　starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food 挨饿

　　statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal　塑像

　　storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow　风暴

　　straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns　直接的

　　stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider 伸展

　　strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands　罢工

　　structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building　结构

　　struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with 挣扎; n. a great effort; a fight 奋斗

　　submarine - n. an underwater ship　潜艇

　　substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)　物质

　　substitute - v. to put or use in place of another替换; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another　替换者（品）

　　subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly　颠覆

　　succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result 成功

　　suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness 受苦

　　suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider　建议

　　supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others　监督

　　supply - v. to give; to provide 供给; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others　供给品

　　support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve 支持

　　suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine 假设 ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")　

　　suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly　压制

　　surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")　过剩

　　surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat　投降

　　survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation　幸存

　　suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal 怀疑; n. a person believed to be guilty　嫌疑犯

　　suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time　延缓

　　swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth 吞咽

　　swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office 宣誓就职 ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")　 sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness　同情