D

　　dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water 大坝

　　damage - v. to cause injury or destruction 摧毁; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things 毁坏

　　deaf - ad. not able to hear　聋的

　　debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument　争论

　　debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing　债务

　　declare - v. to say; to make a statement　声明

　　decrease - v. to make less in size or amount　降低

　　defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having

　　lost　打败

　　defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 防卫

　　deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports　赤字

　　define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain　定义

　　delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late　延迟

　　delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another　代表

　　demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force　要求

　　democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions　民主

　　demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights.") 示威; to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") 示范

　　denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely　谴责

　　deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request　否认

　　depend - v. to need help and support　依靠

　　deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness　表示悲痛

　　deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action　部署（军队）

　　depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs　衰退

　　describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something　描述

　　design - v. to plan or create plans for　设计

　　desire - v. to want very much; to wish for　愿望

　　destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of　摧毁

　　develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress　发展

　　device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 设备

　　dictator - n. a ruler with complete power　独裁者

　　diet - n. usual daily food and drink　日常饮食

　　diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government　外交官

　　direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way 指引 ("He directed me to the theater."); ad.

　　straight to something; not through some other person or thing 直接的 ("The path is direct.")　

　　direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to　方向

　　dirt - n. earth or soil　泥土

　　disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist　消失

　　disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device　解除武装

　　discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas　讨论

　　disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria　疾病

　　dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider　解散

　　dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate　争论

　　dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government　不同政见者

　　document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something　文件

　　drown - v. to die under water　溺水

　　drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind　药品

　　dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air 灰尘

　　E

　　earn - v. to be paid in return for work done　获得

　　earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface　地震

　　ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult 减轻

　　ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things　环境

　　economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized 经济

　　edge - n. the line where something ends or begins 边缘

　　effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.") 效果

　　effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something 努力

　　elect - v. to choose by voting　选举

　　electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines 电力

　　embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants 大使馆

　　emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action 紧急情况

　　emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness 感情

　　employ - v. to give work in return for wages　雇佣

　　energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active　能量

　　enforce - v. to make something be done　强制执行

　　engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work 引擎

　　engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads　　 工程师

　　environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals　环境

　　equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights　对等的

　　equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity　设备

　　escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of　逃离

　　especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")　特别是

　　establish - v. to bring into existence; to create 建立

　　estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information　估计

　　ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived 种族的

　　evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas　蒸发

　　evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing　证据

　　evil - ad. not good; extremely bad　邪恶的

　　examine - v. to study closely　审视，察看

　　exchange - v. to trade 交易; to give or receive one thing for another　交换

　　execute - v. to kill　处死

　　exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel 驱逐; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country 被驱逐者

　　exist - v. to be; to live　存在

　　expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger 扩张

　　expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event 期望

　　expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away　驱逐，开除

　　experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition 经历("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through 经历("The experience caused her great pain.")　

　　experiment - v. to test 做实验; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something　实验

　　expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training　专家

　　explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb 爆炸

　　explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely 探索

　　export - v. to send to another country 出口; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale 出口商品

　　express - v. to say clearly 表达

　　extend - v. to stretch out in area or length 扩展 ; to continue for a longer time 延长

　　extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted　极端的

　　extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way 极端主义者